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Don’t let the yips take you out of the game

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Editor’s Note: This article uses dirty words including sh@nk and y+ps.

Golf is a game that causes people to say a lot of strange things, as well as many four-letter words. But there are two topics that most golfers won’t dare discuss; one is the dreaded case of the “shanks,” but the other one might hurt your game even more. It’s the yips.

In this article I hope to give you some background information on the phenomenon we know as the yips. Generally, we see the yips rear its ugly head around the green. Golfers can develop the yips in putting or performing a chip shot. Occasionally, we see golfers develop something like the yips on the tee, as can be seen in this video of Kevin Na:

[youtube id=”oRKH4nIWRUg” width=”620″ height=”360″]

Nevertheless, as many of you may (unfortunately) identify with, the yips has a real and serious potential impact on both performance and enjoyment in golf. So, what do we know about the yips?

Prevalence

The number of people who have experienced the yips has been reported in research to be somewhere between 26 percent and 54 percent of golfers, with the higher estimates being returned in samples of low handicap (under 12) golfers.

Diagnosis

The leading definition for the existence of the yips comes in the form of a continuum. This continuum has two forms of “yippers,” namely Type 1 and Type 2 forms.

Type 1

Type 1 yips are defined by the existence of task-specific focal dystonia. This occurs in the presence of an involuntary and undesired movement of the muscles controlling the stroke/swing. The result can be a putt that sends the ball off in the wrong direction, or a chunked chip shot that hardly moves the ball.

Type 2

Type 2 yips are associated with the psychological phenomenon of choking. Choking occurs in athletes when they experience a severe performance drop off due to performance anxiety. In the case of Type 2 yips, this anxiety leads to a freezing or paralysis of performance (possibly as in the Kevin Na video), in which the athlete is unable to initiate or go through with execution.

So what happens to our “yippers?” Most of them will lose their enjoyment for golf. At this point, they make the decision of whether to leave the sport or seek some form of treatment.

Alleviating/Treatment

Players with the yips who decide to stay in golf have a few choices to make. The generally accepted method for Type 1 (dystonia) yippers is to move to a new grip, a new putter or different stance. This will slightly change the muscles used in the stroke and possibly bypass the affected technique.

Those who identify more with Type 2 (choking) yips are less likely to see benefits from physical changes, and tend to seek refuge outside of golf. This can come in two forms, one healthy and one not so much. The use of alcohol is common to calm the nerves for many recreational golfers, and some cannot function well on the course without it. There’s also beta blockers and blood pressure medications that can prevent an increase in heart rate during performance and reduce anxiety-related tremors and shaking (the PGA and LPGA Tour banned their use for that very reason in 2008). A healthier option than drugs, however, which will likely do more to at alleviating the effects of choking-related yips is seeking the advice of a sports psychologist.

I know golfers love do-it-yourself coaching, so here are some tips for those of you who suffer from the yips.

  1. Discover more about the circumstances that cause you to yip. Make some detailed notes after your round on the scenario, the feelings, the thoughts and the outcomes from each of your yipped shots. You might not remember everything that went through your head, but if you give yourself time to reflect, you may come up with some important themes (P.S. Chances are your expectations are too high or don’t match your ability. That’s something I have noticed with my clients).
  2. Seek out and practice strategies that will combat the themes discovered in the previous step. These could include breathing techniques, imagery, a change to your practice putt strategy, etc. It depends entirely on what you are doing already. To make a change will have to use a trial-and-error process on the course, and it’s important to set up scenarios that simulate the pressure you feel on the course. Your yips may not be present in practice; therefore, you will have to risk yipping (which will probably happen anyway) to discover the technique that will work.
  3. Remember that there is no magic key to fix the yips. Stick with a strategy and work on it. Your yips have developed over a great deal of time, it will take just as long to completely iron them out. Every small improvement you make, whether to your performance or calmness, is a step in the right direction.

Because the yips are such a complex and multifaceted problem, we still have much more learning to do to fully understand their development, nature and possible alleviation techniques. You now know a little more about this all-too-common problem, and we all know knowledge is power. Hopefully we will stop losing people to our wonderful game due to the yips!

Dr. Dom is an Australian Mental Game Coach based in Perth, Western Australia. He completed his Doctorate at the University of Western Australia examining the influence of trait conscientiousness on the pre-performance routine-performance relationship. He still maintains an active role in Sport and Exercise Psychology research. Though his business, Think Feel Perform, he has had the opportunity to work with some of Australia's leading youth and professional athletes in a number of sports. While specialising in mainly golf, he has also worked with surfers, cricketers, BMX athletes, triathletes, archers and many more. As a golfer, he took up the game in 2009 with a handicap of 27 and is now a very competent single-digit golfer.

2 Comments

2 Comments

  1. Pam Reynolds

    May 20, 2017 at 4:18 pm

    I felt my anxiety level increase just reading the article. I have the full swing yips with my long clubs. I cannot start my downswing. It is as if there is a brace holding my arms at the top of the swing. I love and live the game (play 2 to 3x per week) and this is so upsetting. People don’t understand until they see me struggling to pull the club down. Tried concentrating on the hips, but really all good thoughts go out of my head at the top of the swing.

  2. Lazza

    Oct 7, 2013 at 2:39 pm

    I think half the problem with the yips is just knowing about them. I never had a problem with involuntary left wrist movement until quite recently. Now that I know a whole bunch about the problem, every missed putt is a ‘yip’ and it just numbs the brain ahead of each subsequent sub-4 footer.

    One day I putt like a pro and the next day in a medal round I four putt from five feet! I think part of it is bad technique, but it has a lot to do with mental and physical fatigue.

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Instruction

The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

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There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.

And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.

But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.

When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.

Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.

For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!

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Instruction

Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

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Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.

Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.

If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.

1. Cultural mindset

What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!

It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.

2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling

Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.

3. Learning theory basics

It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.

As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.

So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!

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Instruction

What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

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Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.

The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).

But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.

Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)

Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.

What Woad did:

• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances

• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins

• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets

• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”

Why most golfers mess this up:

• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”

• Distance becomes more important than accuracy

• They try to be heroic instead of smart

ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.

The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire

Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.

How she responded to pressure:

• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th

• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys

• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th

• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked

What amateurs do wrong:

• Get conservative when they should be aggressive

• Try to force magic when steady play would win

• Panic when someone else makes a move

ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.

Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game

Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.

Her mental approach:

• Focused on her process, not the competition

• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)

• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”

Her physical execution:

• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)

• Methodical iron play

• Steady putting

• Everything effective, nothing spectacular

ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.

Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built

The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”

Her winning mindset:

• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself

• Focused on playing well and contending

• Made winning a byproduct of a good process

• Built confidence through recent experiences:

  • Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
  • Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
  • Each experience prepared her for the next

What this means for you:

• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up

• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine

• Commit to every shot

• Stay present in the moment

ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.

The Real Lesson

Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.

The fundamentals that won:

• Hit more fairways

• Find more greens

• Make the putts you should make

• Stay patient under pressure

That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.

FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.

 

PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.

 

Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!

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