Instruction
Should the rear knee remain flexed or straighten during the swing?

One thing I love about teaching golf for a living is watching players making golf swings that look totally different, yet each work effectively in their own right. As Homer Kelley stated in his book, The Golfing Machine, there are 24 component motions that make up the golf swing with a total of 144 variations. Thus, there are more than 446 quadrillion ways to swing a golf club (seriously). All you need to do is figure out the one that works for you.
One of the most controversial aspects of the golf swing is the action of the right knee (for right-handers) to the top. Should it straighten or stay flexed? In this article I would like to examine the pros and cons of both in efforts to figure out which one may work best for you.
Holding the flex of the rear knee
As you can see, the rear knee here has maintained the flex it started with at address, and you should note several things:
- Holding the flex will restrict the hips from turning on the backswing.
- The hips will rotate in a more level condition.
- This causes the backswing to shorten for most people.
- The hips have turned around only 45 degrees.
- The backswing will tend to be a touch shorter.
- There will be a slight “lean over the right leg” at the top.
- Some players have a slight lateral head motion to the right when using this style.
Straightening the rear knee
The rear knee here has lost its flex that it started with at address. Because of this, you’ll want to note several things:
- As the right knee straightens, the hips will rotate more on the backswing.
- The right hip will rise above the left hip at the top.
- The backswing will tend to be a touch longer with this type of hip action.
- As the rear knee straightens, it becomes easier to get the left shoulder “behind” and “under” your chin to the top.
- Weight will stay a touch more centered or even slightly left while the head stays very stable laterally to the top.
- The forward knee will move more toward the ball en route to the top, not behind it as in the flexed position.
The cons of both positions
The biggest flaw for the “flexed rear knee” player is the issue of spinning out during the transition. This will cause the rear shoulder to move outward, and the swing path will shift too far to the left — the classic “over the top” move we all know and love.
As you can see above, the left hip has not moved back on top of the forward foot. Therefore, the weight is hanging back and center of gravity is more centered over the rear leg. The solution is to make sure the left hip “bumps” over the left foot a touch longer before the hips begin to spin. This will allow the rear shoulder to drop more downward instead of outward.
On the other hand, whenever the rear knee tends to straighten, most golfers will tend to “lean out in front” of the ball on the way down. As this happens, your Angle of Attack tends to move too much downward making the driver more difficult to hit. That’s the reason why “stack and tilt” golfers were generally better with their irons than their driver. What will happen with your irons, however, is that your low point will tend to shift further forward giving you better contact.
So which one is better for your game? Personally, I teach it both ways depending on the natural motions of the player. However, if I had to suggest one way or the other I would say that if you battle over the top, I would allow the knee to straighten a touch and if you tend to get out in front of the ball, I would work on slightly more flex to the top.
But remember, everyone has a different golf swing; it’s all about making your swing work for you!
Instruction
The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.
And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.
But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.
When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.
Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.
For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!
Instruction
Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.
Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.
If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.
1. Cultural mindset
What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!
It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.
2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling
Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.
3. Learning theory basics
It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.
As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.
So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!
Instruction
What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.
The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).
But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.
Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)
Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.
What Woad did:
• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances
• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins
• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets
• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”
Why most golfers mess this up:
• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”
• Distance becomes more important than accuracy
• They try to be heroic instead of smart
ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.
The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire
Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.
How she responded to pressure:
• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th
• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys
• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th
• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked
What amateurs do wrong:
• Get conservative when they should be aggressive
• Try to force magic when steady play would win
• Panic when someone else makes a move
ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.
Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game
Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.
Her mental approach:
• Focused on her process, not the competition
• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)
• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”
Her physical execution:
• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)
• Methodical iron play
• Steady putting
• Everything effective, nothing spectacular
ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.
Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built
The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”
Her winning mindset:
• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself
• Focused on playing well and contending
• Made winning a byproduct of a good process
• Built confidence through recent experiences:
- Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
- Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
- Each experience prepared her for the next
What this means for you:
• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up
• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine
• Commit to every shot
• Stay present in the moment
ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.
The Real Lesson
Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.
The fundamentals that won:
• Hit more fairways
• Find more greens
• Make the putts you should make
• Stay patient under pressure
That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.
FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!
John Krug
Oct 28, 2015 at 3:13 pm
The worst swing of all is the modern swing where the upper half of the body turns to the right while the lower half remains fixed and on the downswing results in the left leg remaining rigid and pressure being placed on the spine. This has resulted in numerous Tour pros suffering knee and back problems, best illustrated by Tiger’s 4 knee surgeries ans back problems.
The left foot should be flared out to the left, not be square. The head should be over the right knee. The left knee should flex forward and the right leg shoud straighten. The swing is initiated by turning the left hip to the rear.
JB
Oct 28, 2015 at 3:05 pm
I have a different experience.
With (somewhat) bent knees, my upper body rotation is less restricted than with straight knees. This is especially critical during the last phase in the backswing (of the full swing), where the straight knees position makes me get into position by moving the arms instead of the upper body.
Pingback: Should the right knee stay flexed or be straight on the backswing? | GolfJay
Robert
Oct 25, 2015 at 12:53 pm
Very interesting. I have the opposite problem. If I let my knee straighten, I tend to get too far back and feel like I have to throw my body out ahead of everything to get the timing right. If I keep the knee flex, then my lower body stays in sync through impact and I don’t come out of it. Thanks for confirming that I’m the weird one. I’ve always thought I was a bit strange in regards to the consequence of both.
Stretch
Oct 23, 2015 at 12:43 pm
Great idea Paul. Instruction seems to be going forward to working with a student’s unique biomechanics. EA has taken TGM and translated it into how it can be referenced into model swing groups.
Paul
Oct 23, 2015 at 4:51 pm
Thanks Stretch, Hope someone will bring these guys together with TM et al
birly-shirly
Oct 23, 2015 at 10:52 am
Nice article. No dogma – just options and consequences. More like this please.
Stefan
Oct 23, 2015 at 3:10 am
Hi Tom,
thanks for that interesting article.
Actually, being a mid handicapper i never really worried about my right knee during the swing. I do the straightening move.
I think we still need to discuss the topic of flexibility in this concern. Keeping the right nee flexed and restricting hip motion i think is fine if you’re able to turn far enough with your shoulders.
Is straightening the knee a valid move to detour this lack of flexibility for big blokes like me ?
Mat
Oct 22, 2015 at 11:04 pm
If you straighten the right knee, you have no flex to “fire your glute”! 🙂
Rick
Oct 22, 2015 at 9:48 pm
I have been experimenting with keeping my right knee bent as a way to prevent early extension ( I’ve found when my right knee straitens at the top of the back swing, it usually doesn’t bend back on the downswing causing my weight to shift to my toes). I also have kind that “lean out in front motion” I’m trying to correct. Is keeping the right knee bent a good solution for an early extender?
Alien
Oct 22, 2015 at 9:19 pm
Flexed but firm and held on enough, I should think
Robert
Oct 22, 2015 at 2:28 pm
Do you do video analysis Tom?
Paul
Oct 22, 2015 at 1:34 pm
Another great article Tom, my simple observation is that a right-handed player with a natural front-anchor pivot will have less flex in their rear knee than one who has a rear-anchor pivot. But you have nailed it, it depends on the player’s bio-mechanics and natural motions. So you could say that in this regard everyone is unique.
Those people who believe that the same position whatever it might be applies to everyone, they are mistaken. That is why I believe it is important that when the swing of the student is compared to a tour player, there is a reasonable match with that student bio-mechanically, otherwise it is comparing apples with bananas. I have discussed this with my Trackman contact, asking him and his colleagues to consider classifying their library of model swings into groups according to the player’s bio-mechanics. I’m sure yourself, EA Tischler, Mike Adams and others between you could come up with a suitable classification which I feel would add considerable value to the golfing community.
Paul