Instruction
Find the bottom of your swing arc by learning to read your divots

Golfers can learn so much about their swings and how to improve from looking at their divots.
If we look at the depth of a divot, it tells us a story about the angle of attack at impact and how steeply we are swinging down into the ball. A shallow divot shows us a shallower angle of attack, while a deeper divot shows the opposite.
Longer irons, hybrids and fairway woods should have more of a sweeping motion. This leads to either a shallow divot with slightly disturbed grass or no divot at all. As we move to our shorter irons, we will see the divot get deeper because the shafts in these clubs are shorter, which naturally leads to a steep swing causing a deeper divot.
The most important feedback that a divot provides is how far in front or behind the ball we are striking the ground, which we call the bottom of a swing arc. The fastest way to lower your score is to find where the bottom of your swing arc is in relationship to the ball. The average tour pro or +3 handicap player has a swing that bottoms out 4-to-5 inches in front of the ball. That is the lowest point in the divot. The farther in front of the ball you can measure your low point, the lower your handicap will generally be. Here is an example of handicap levels and where those levels take a divot.
The photo above illustrates how a standard divot should look with a 7 iron. Notice that the bottom of the divot is past the ball by about 4-5 inches.
(Handicap) = (bottom of divot)
- +3 = 4-to-5 inches
- 0 = 3-to-4 inches
- 4 = 2-to-3 inches
- 8 = 1-to-2 inches
- 12 = at the ball or up to 1 inch in front
- 16 = 1 inch behind the ball
- 20 = 2 inches behind the ball
- 24 = 3 inches behind the ball
- 28 = 4 inches behind the ball
Depending on your handicap level, you will fall into one of the categories above. The fastest way to lower your handicap is to get your swing bottom to move ahead and in front of the ball. Below is a photo of how you can begin compressing the ball and lowering your handicap.
Drill: Get foot-spray powder and spray two lines in the grass.
One line will represent where the ball will be. The second, which is 4 inches ahead, will represent where we want to see the bottom of our divot. Set up on the back line without a ball. Now swing and try to take a divot on the front line. You divots will look like the photo above: some in front, some behind. Continue until you can hit more than five in a row in front of the line. Now place a ball on the back line but only look at the front line.
Do not look at the ball! I repeat, do not look at the ball!
Now, looking only at the front line, swing and strike the ball: then see where your divot falls. At first you will see the divot back near the ball line. This is because you are still focusing on the ball. Just continue with the drill and soon the ball will only be a reference point and the grass in front will become the focal point.
Your divots will begin to move forward and your scores will drop!
Instruction
The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.
And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.
But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.
When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.
Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.
For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!
Instruction
Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.
Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.
If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.
1. Cultural mindset
What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!
It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.
2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling
Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.
3. Learning theory basics
It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.
As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.
So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!
Instruction
What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.
The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).
But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.
Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)
Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.
What Woad did:
• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances
• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins
• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets
• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”
Why most golfers mess this up:
• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”
• Distance becomes more important than accuracy
• They try to be heroic instead of smart
ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.
The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire
Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.
How she responded to pressure:
• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th
• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys
• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th
• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked
What amateurs do wrong:
• Get conservative when they should be aggressive
• Try to force magic when steady play would win
• Panic when someone else makes a move
ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.
Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game
Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.
Her mental approach:
• Focused on her process, not the competition
• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)
• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”
Her physical execution:
• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)
• Methodical iron play
• Steady putting
• Everything effective, nothing spectacular
ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.
Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built
The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”
Her winning mindset:
• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself
• Focused on playing well and contending
• Made winning a byproduct of a good process
• Built confidence through recent experiences:
- Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
- Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
- Each experience prepared her for the next
What this means for you:
• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up
• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine
• Commit to every shot
• Stay present in the moment
ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.
The Real Lesson
Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.
The fundamentals that won:
• Hit more fairways
• Find more greens
• Make the putts you should make
• Stay patient under pressure
That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.
FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!
Lee
Aug 11, 2014 at 2:50 pm
Great article. I have been working on this for some time. It has dramatically improved my irons. It does bring me to a different question though. Since I’ve been working on this, my scores have been dropping, yet driver has gotten progressively worse. How can I find a way to swing like this without damaging my results off of the tee?
Bernard Sheridan
Aug 13, 2014 at 11:52 am
Lee
Still feel like you are swinging through with your driver making sure that you get to a complete finish. Weight shift is even more important with your loner clubs. Get to that front foot at impact and stay there until the swing is completed.
Paul
Jul 25, 2014 at 2:20 pm
Great tip; I’m battling the fat/thin shots on a regular basis. I’m constantly trying to get a divot let alone to have it start in front of the ball.
Any tips for bad weight transfer which I believe is what I’m doing.
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 25, 2014 at 10:33 pm
You need to rotate around your front post. i.e. Leg. Think about when you throw a ball. You shift your weight to your front foot then throw the ball. This is much like that. transfer your weight and rotate around that front leg. This will make it easier to brush the turf.
Wes
Jul 24, 2014 at 7:14 pm
Hard time tracking AoA, Path, VSP with this method.
Jersoner
Jul 23, 2014 at 9:46 pm
Do these divot measurements apply to gi cavity backs as well as blades?
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 24, 2014 at 8:43 am
Yes
HitEmTrue
Jul 23, 2014 at 4:34 pm
“Depending on your handicap level, you will fall into one of the categories above.” Quite a stretch to assert that all mid and higher caps hit the ground at or behind the ball…and then use that assertion to claim that moving the divot in front will lower the handicap.
Ron
Jul 23, 2014 at 3:54 pm
Should the focal point be in front of the ball when playing on the course too?
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 23, 2014 at 5:01 pm
Yes. This will stop you from hitting down and let the club do the work.
Greg
Jul 23, 2014 at 9:02 pm
Great tip. I bought the Impact Zone DVD set and I am starting to hit at least at the ball or 1″ in front not 2″ behind the ball. I guess I never really noticed that I was hitting it that far behind the ball. I am hitting the ball a lot more solid and straighter. So the focus point should ALWAYS be 4″ in front of the ball not at the ball even on the course during regular play. Thanks for the lesson.
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 24, 2014 at 3:52 pm
My pleasure Glad it is going in the right direction.
LY
Jul 23, 2014 at 12:39 pm
What about the shots that are hit perfectly with the divot out in front of the ball but the divot is going to the right. I’m 60 years old and a low single digit player, and I hit a draw with almost 100% of my full shots and my divots are always going to the right. Is that an indication of a swing coming too much from the inside?
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 23, 2014 at 2:50 pm
A little to much from the inside but I would have to see it to be sure. You can send me a photo of your divot in relationship to the target line and I will be happy to let you know. my email is parbreakers@gmail.com
Ron
Jul 23, 2014 at 11:35 am
This is ripped from Bobby Clampetts book and DVD’s
adam
Jul 23, 2014 at 1:02 pm
Or just the possibility that people have the same ideas. I’ve never heard of that guy and I knew of this exact drill by finding it on the net, not from Bobby Clampett.
Ron
Jul 29, 2014 at 10:37 am
Like I said Adam this is from Bobby Clampett and thank you Bernard for letting us know that you’re an Impact Zone Instructor. Impact Zone = Bobby Clampett. Now go get your shine box Adam!
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 23, 2014 at 2:47 pm
I am a certified Impact Zone Instructor. Thanks for your comment
snowman
Jul 23, 2014 at 11:29 am
Hey Golfwrx, what happened to the “INSTRUCTION” tab/link at the top of your website???
Consistentgolf
Jul 23, 2014 at 12:09 am
the higher the handicap the more over the top the player is on the way down. Following your advice will make the player move more forward to hit more down and in front of the ball, subsequently causing them to be even more over the top than they were before. Better players divots are create through the motion they create not in them trying to get a divot in front of the ball.
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 23, 2014 at 2:54 pm
Give it a try with your students the see what the results are. You might be surprised. It works for every one on my students.
Mats B
Jul 22, 2014 at 10:03 pm
Get it, focus point and so on, using lines. But where is your focus point using a driver off a tee?
Bernard Sheridan
Jul 23, 2014 at 2:52 pm
Same spot. This will help you hit through the ball not at it.
Red
Jul 27, 2014 at 9:36 pm
That doesn’t make sense to have a player use the same idea with a driver, clearly this idea means having a negative angle of attack seeing as the club would bottom out in front of the ball, why should a player have that idea with their driver when it will only increase their spin rates and lower their launch angles, which results in lower shorter flying drives with higher dispersions?