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5 fundamental positions to improve your game

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There’s no one perfect way to swing a golf club, but there are specific positions that have proven to be consistently successful.

In this article, I would like to show you five, time-tested positions that we can all strive to achieve. You don’t have to match these positions perfectly, but the closer you get to them the better your swing will be fundamentally.

Remember, don’t perform major surgery when an aspirin will do. These are suggestions for improvement, not a guide to completely overhaul your swing.

No. 1: The Bump

TheBump

  • Everyone strives to begin the downswing from the ground up and here is a great example of the hips doing all the work.
  • The weight is on the inside of the rear foot at the top, thus allowing the hips to “push off” something during the transition. Too many golfers allow their weight to move to the outside of the rear foot at or near the top of the backswing.
  • The shoulders have turned enough to allow the hands to move around the body, not just lift to the top, to load up the weight on the rear foot.
  • From the top, the weight bumps forward in the direction of the hips. For most people, moving the weight into the left toe from the top is enough to make things work correctly.
  • When the hips spin, the weight moves into the left heel and the right shoulder is thrown out and over.

No. 2: Back and Down

BackAndDown

  • I’m often asked what the right shoulder does during the downswing, and here is a great photo of how it stays back and down from the top into the transition.
  • The arms have worked across the body so that the left arm is somewhere around the right shoulder, which is not for everyone, but it seems to work for this player. I suggest having the left arm between the shoulder and the right ear for most players.
  • As the hips bump, the rear shoulder stays back, or at least it does not rotate forward just yet. This causes the arms to work more downward, not outward, for a split second. That moves the club into an inside delivery position.
  • When the right shoulder dives forward and toward the ball in a wood-chopping motion from the top, the path is shifted left and you will tend to hit down too steeply into the ball.
  • Looking at her legs in the right frame also shows us that she has not spun out from the top while her shoulder moves downward.
  • You can feel the hips bump rightward to drop the rear shoulder, or you can drop the right shoulder to move the hips laterally. It’s all about your feel of what happens, but biomechanically the hips lead the pivot during the transition.

No. 3: Right Forearm Inline

InLineRightForearm

  • If there was one secret of consistent ball striking that I feel we could ALL get better at, it would be working into impact with our rear forearm and club shaft inline.
  • Having the rear arm and club shaft inline provides maximum support with positive alignments that allow the club shaft to return very closely to its address position. The closer you can get to that position, the better it is for you in theory. My thought is to try your best not to change it too much up or down from its position at impact for the best results.
  • The best ball strikers in the game have the right forearm and shaft inline at impact. Check out Trevino, Price and Hogan if you don’t believe me!
  • The key to achieving this position is to have the proper transitional motion from the top, coupled with a solid pivot of the upper body through the ball. It’s not the easiest position to achieve, but the payoff is worth the hard work.

No. 4: Left Arm and Club Shaft Inline

LeftArmInLine

  • Impact in a perfect world would be an in-line condition as shown above. Whenever the shaft lags behind the hands at impact, or vice versa, it’s hard to coordinate the closing rate of the clubface, as well as the club’s dynamic loft. This leads to off-line shots and inconsistent trajectory.
  • This is the impact position of a very high ball hitter. His head is behind the ball and the club is being returned to the ball with a ton of speed.  This player is using the exact static loft designed into the club (within reason).
  • This type of impact condition produces the correct amount of spin as determined by the difference between the angle of attack and the dynamic loft of the club. That’s known as spin loft.
  • In order to achieve this position, golfers must have the lower body working into a posted position so the right shoulder can “cover the ball” a touch more. When the right shoulder lags too far down and behind, the hands will tend to flip.
  • Too much lateral head slide will move the lowpoint forward, and you will tend to reduce the dynamic loft of the club too much. This results in shots that come off too low.

No. 5: The Proper Low Point

ProperLowPoint

  • The very best fundamentals in the world cannot overcome a faulty lowpoint. If you cannot hit the ball solid, you will never play your best.
  • I have charted the low point in the left frame, showing you that this player hit the ground AFTER the ball has left the blade, NOT before.
  • As you’ve probably heard before, you must hit the little ball (golf ball) before the big ball (the earth).
  • The key to controlling your lowpoint is to have a proper pivot motion, which is how you twist and turn during the swing. Weight displacement will also affect your lowpoint.
  • If you have trouble with your low point, draw a line in the grass and try to make divots after the line on the targetside. To do this you MUST move your weight forward to some degree.
  • Lowpoint control is very difficult on the flattest of lies, but to reach your full potential as a golfer you must practice lowpoint control on the most hilly of lies.

Again, these positions are general ideas of what I like to see my students achieve during the swing. There is NO one way to swing a golf club that works for everyone, but these fundamentals are generally helpful. Experiment with your swing and see where you compare to these great professionals and hopefully you’ll gain the insight you need to get better!

Tom F. Stickney II, is a specialist in Biomechanics for Golf, Physiology, and 3d Motion Analysis. He has a degree in Exercise and Fitness and has been a Director of Instruction for almost 30 years at resorts and clubs such as- The Four Seasons Punta Mita, BIGHORN Golf Club, The Club at Cordillera, The Promontory Club, and the Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort. His past and present instructional awards include the following: Golf Magazine Top 100 Teacher, Golf Digest Top 50 International Instructor, Golf Tips Top 25 Instructor, Best in State (Florida, Colorado, and California,) Top 20 Teachers Under 40, Best Young Teachers and many more. Tom is a Trackman University Master/Partner, a distinction held by less than 25 people in the world. Tom is TPI Certified- Level 1, Golf Level 2, Level 2- Power, and Level 2- Fitness and believes that you cannot reach your maximum potential as a player with out some focus on your physiology. You can reach him at tomstickneygolf@gmail.com and he welcomes any questions you may have.

19 Comments

19 Comments

  1. ballhog

    Oct 13, 2014 at 2:45 pm

    By the shaft being in-line with the right forearm, do you mean from a side view (as shown in the picture above)?

  2. mat69

    Aug 5, 2014 at 4:27 am

    good article,

    im working left hip over tee peg past my hip in ground on downswing
    on posting up on left leg, and working on impact left palm matching clubface pointing up after impact.

    • tom stickney

      Aug 5, 2014 at 10:49 am

      Great…sounds like you are on the correct track

      • Tahoedirt

        Aug 6, 2014 at 8:01 pm

        I guess I’m constantly “picking” the ball- As in the incorrect position in No 5. I never take a divot and don’t hit ball very far, but I do hit it very high- Please help with drills etc and thank you. This is one of the best articles I’ve ever read about striking the golf ball.

  3. Andrew

    Aug 4, 2014 at 9:03 pm

    I like #1’s hip bump to the left heel. I have been landing on my left heel spinning out.

  4. Andrew

    Aug 4, 2014 at 9:03 pm

    I like #’s hip bump to the right foot. I think I have been landing on my left heel and spinning out.

  5. snowman

    Aug 4, 2014 at 5:24 pm

    Where can I see the photos that are mentioned?

  6. Alex

    Aug 4, 2014 at 1:37 pm

    #2 is an interesting tip and is likely one of the reasons for my large divots. Question on your wording:

    “You can feel the hips bump rightward to drop the rear shoulder, or you can drop the right shoulder to move the hips laterally.”

    Should this have said bump left, assuming a RH swing?

    • Tom Stickney

      Aug 4, 2014 at 3:00 pm

      No. Hips bump into rt field

      • Knobbywood

        Aug 4, 2014 at 11:15 pm

        What? Please explain… Hips bump into right field to start your downswing?

        • tom stickney

          Aug 5, 2014 at 10:51 am

          Your hips are pointed into right field at the top of your backswing; thus, they need to bump in that direction (slightly) to allow the rear shoulder to drop moving the club to the inside. What too many golfers do is spin the hips from the top throwing the rt shoulder out and over the top.

          Take the rt field bump in moderation…

          • Knobbywood

            Aug 5, 2014 at 11:05 am

            Oooooooooh! I see what you are saying… If you are standing at homeplate you hips move towards right field… My comments were based on my interpretation of your instructions… I thought you meant slide right as in directly away from the target… Hence my confusion… Thx for the update

      • Knobbywood

        Aug 5, 2014 at 9:01 am

        Hips bump RIGHT for a right handed golfer? Try that move right now to start your transition… Weight moves to your back foot and you come right over the top

        • tom stickney

          Aug 5, 2014 at 10:52 am

          Not sure what you mean…if your weight slides forward how can you be on your back foot?

        • Tom Stickney

          Aug 5, 2014 at 1:45 pm

          My pleasure to clarify things.

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Instruction

The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

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There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.

And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.

But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.

When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.

Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.

For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!

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Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

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Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.

Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.

If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.

1. Cultural mindset

What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!

It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.

2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling

Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.

3. Learning theory basics

It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.

As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.

So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!

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What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

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Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.

The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).

But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.

Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)

Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.

What Woad did:

• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances

• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins

• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets

• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”

Why most golfers mess this up:

• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”

• Distance becomes more important than accuracy

• They try to be heroic instead of smart

ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.

The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire

Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.

How she responded to pressure:

• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th

• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys

• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th

• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked

What amateurs do wrong:

• Get conservative when they should be aggressive

• Try to force magic when steady play would win

• Panic when someone else makes a move

ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.

Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game

Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.

Her mental approach:

• Focused on her process, not the competition

• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)

• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”

Her physical execution:

• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)

• Methodical iron play

• Steady putting

• Everything effective, nothing spectacular

ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.

Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built

The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”

Her winning mindset:

• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself

• Focused on playing well and contending

• Made winning a byproduct of a good process

• Built confidence through recent experiences:

  • Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
  • Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
  • Each experience prepared her for the next

What this means for you:

• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up

• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine

• Commit to every shot

• Stay present in the moment

ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.

The Real Lesson

Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.

The fundamentals that won:

• Hit more fairways

• Find more greens

• Make the putts you should make

• Stay patient under pressure

That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.

FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.

 

PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.

 

Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!

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