Instruction
Using pressure mats to understand vertical ground forces in the golf swing

I’m a golf nerd. I think that’s pretty obvious based on my previous GolfWRX Instruction Articles. I love how new technologies measure and break down the mechanics of a golf swing, and being able to share these discoveries with all of you is one of my favorite parts of writing for GolfWRX.
I have been using the BodiTrak Pressure Mat System now for well over a year, and have been fortunate to measure some of the most elite players in the world, including several PGA and LPGA tour players. I absolutely love how my BodiTrak allows me to understand how a golfer’s feet interact with the ground, and as I’ve learned, ground interaction has a huge effect on the way a golfer delivers a golf club into impact.
That being said, there was one measurement I used to think pressure mats had limitations measuring: vertical forces. I’ve come to recognize, however, that pressure mats can effectively measure vertical forces. While pressure mats do not measure vertical forces the same way as force plates, they do provide us with the knowledge we need to observe and improve vertical force patterns.
Vertical forces are measured three different ways with a pressure mat system. First, they measure the relationship of how hard your feet press downward into the ground. The amount of pressure is shown as a color-coded graph over a golfer’s feet. So while there are no exact measurements, the colors do measure trends which are defined as follows:
- Light Blue: The lightest pressure being applied to the ground.
- Blue: The second-lightest pressure being applied to the ground.
- Green: The third-lightest pressure being applied to the ground.
- Red: The hardest pressure being applied to the ground.
The second way vertical forces are measured with a pressure mat system is through the action of the Center of Pressure (COP). When the COP is moving toward the target, the measurement is positive. When the COP is moving away from the target, the measurement is negative. If you pick up one of your feet, your COP moves directly to the foot that is still on the ground.
So how does all this help us measure vertical forces? The information, when slowed down without a golf club in your hands, helps us understand how our feet produce the upward, vertical forces during the two-second explosion of the golf swing. Please view the following video for more details.
We see BodiTrak’s identification of the upward vertical forces magnified by power players and/or players hitting their drivers. Two COP traces (the visual, historical measurement of where the COP moves during the golf swing) identify this trait:
- The Power Trace
- The Power-Z Trace
The biggest difference between the two traces, with relation to upward vertical forces, is just how much a player unweights their lead side during the downswing sequence.
James Hahn (Power Trace)
Power Tracers unweight their lead leg, but most of the time the lead leg looks to stays more connected to the ground when observed on video. To see examples of some Power Tracers measured by BodiTrak, you can watch the swings and traces of two-time PGA Tour winner James Hahn (above), as well as Luke List (below), who was 7th in Driving Distance on the PGA Tour in 2016.
Luke List (Power Trace)
Power-Z Tracers unweight their lead side more than a Power Tracer, and are frequently seen getting their lead side off the ground on video. Both unweighting sequences makes the COP shift away from the target and back toward the trail foot.
Jimmy Walker (Power-Z Trace)
Some Power-Z tracers get so vertical that their lead leg actually leaves the ground. Think Bubba Watson, Jamie Sadlowski and Lexi Thomson. BodiTrak has measured Power-Z Tracers Jimmy Walker, the 2016 PGA Championship winner, as well as Nicolas Colsaerts, who was third in Driving Distance on the European Tour in 2016.
Nicolas Colsaerts (Power-Z Trace)
How vertical, or how hard a player vertically pressed off the ground to get airborne, determines how far and fast the COP moves toward the trail foot. This is the third way that pressure mats measure vertical forces.
Two Power-Z Traces Measured and Quantified with BodiTrak
If you’re curious about how you are using vertical forces in the golf swing, it would be worth your while to get a lesson from an instructor with a pressure mat system.
Good luck!
Instruction
The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.
And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.
But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.
When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.
Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.
For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!
Instruction
Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.
Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.
If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.
1. Cultural mindset
What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!
It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.
2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling
Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.
3. Learning theory basics
It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.
As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.
So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!
Instruction
What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.
The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).
But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.
Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)
Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.
What Woad did:
• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances
• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins
• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets
• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”
Why most golfers mess this up:
• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”
• Distance becomes more important than accuracy
• They try to be heroic instead of smart
ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.
The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire
Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.
How she responded to pressure:
• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th
• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys
• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th
• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked
What amateurs do wrong:
• Get conservative when they should be aggressive
• Try to force magic when steady play would win
• Panic when someone else makes a move
ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.
Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game
Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.
Her mental approach:
• Focused on her process, not the competition
• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)
• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”
Her physical execution:
• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)
• Methodical iron play
• Steady putting
• Everything effective, nothing spectacular
ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.
Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built
The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”
Her winning mindset:
• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself
• Focused on playing well and contending
• Made winning a byproduct of a good process
• Built confidence through recent experiences:
- Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
- Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
- Each experience prepared her for the next
What this means for you:
• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up
• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine
• Commit to every shot
• Stay present in the moment
ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.
The Real Lesson
Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.
The fundamentals that won:
• Hit more fairways
• Find more greens
• Make the putts you should make
• Stay patient under pressure
That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.
FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!
GJ
Jan 4, 2017 at 3:10 am
Also depends on what sort of ball flight (left/right, high/low etc) is being applied, which is not discussed here. Same guy hitting a fade in one shot and a draw in another will look completely different.
Kyle Coultas
Jan 3, 2017 at 8:43 pm
Curious to see what pressure mats would indicate on IMPACT testing, rather than footwork in the golf swing. I’m off balance and forward every strike, like a Gary Player or Bubba, but impact is always different with every situation. I’d like to see stock swings and how they interact with the turf.
Ccshop
Jan 3, 2017 at 1:00 pm
Sorry, wrong about Jimmy Walker. All the extra movement from the swing happens after impact. When tracing on boditrak you take top of swing, vertical and impact. When you look at Walkers swing, it would be a fish hook trace which is what you call a power trace.
Jon
Jan 3, 2017 at 12:44 pm
Save yourself a couple of bucks and just go buy a Wii Fit.