Opinion & Analysis
A Closer Look At Decision 18/4
The United States Golf Association and R&A Rules Ltd.– the rule-making bodies of the PGA Tour — announced on Tuesday that players would no longer be penalized when a ball’s movement could only be detected through the use of enhanced technology. In other words, a player will not be penalized if the movement of the ball was not immediately discernible by the naked eye at the time — regardless of video evidence. In a statement issued on Tuesday, the USGA provided:
“New Decision 18/4 will provide that, where enhanced technological evidence shows that a ball has left its position and come to rest in another location, the ball will not be deemed to have moved if that movement was not reasonably discernible to the naked eye at the time. The Decision ensures that a player is not penalized under Rule 18-2 in circumstances where the fact that the ball had changed location could not reasonably have been seen without the use of enhanced technology.”
Decision 18/4 will take effect on Jan. 1, 2014 and significantly reduces the effect of the “call-in rule enforcement” controversy that garnered headlines for much of the summer. One of the highest profile examples occurred during this year’s BMW Championship when a videographer spotted a potential violation involving Tiger Woods and alerted officials. Officials reviewed replays of video and assessed a two-stroke penalty to Woods after his ball was deemed to have moved as he attempted to clear loose impediments around it.
The USGA and the R&A previously adopted rules to minimize a golfer’s risk of being blindsided by disqualification after he had turned in a scorecard due to a video replay showing a violation. In April 2011, the USGA and R&A adopted Decision 33-7/4.5, which authorized committees to waive the disqualification penalty for a breach of Rule 6-6d in narrow circumstances in which the player could not reasonably have been aware of a breach of the rules that later was identified solely through video evidence.
What Does This Mean?
Until the official rollout of Decision 18/4 in January, golf is the only sport where a viewer is able to challenge a ruling. This begs the old “tree in the forest with no one around” question — rather, if a golfer commits a rules violation and nobody notices, including the golfer and the rule enforcers, is it still a rules violation? Decision 18/4 makes it clear that the answer is now an unequivocal “no.”
Ultimately, Decision 18/4 is good for the game of golf. The game of golf is founded on the inherent cornerstone of self-policing and reporting when it comes to rules enforcement. The majority of the time, players will gladly call an infraction on themselves if they realize they have violated the rules. The ruling in Decision 18/4 ensures that the spirit of the game stays intact and players are not penalized for mistakes made in good faith; mistakes that could not have personally observed but for video review. Decision 18/4 also ensures that a golfer will not be blindsided by incurring a two-stroke penalty for an after-the-fact violation ruling through video review after signing his scorecard.
Furthermore, Decision 18/4 ensures fair and equal enforcement of the Rules of Golf throughout the entire playing field. While all of the players are governed by the same rules, the cameras are not on every golfer all of the time. Thus, the players with cameras surrounding them will be under a higher level of scrutiny and review simply for being themselves. Decision 18/4 signals a return to a more uniform review and enforcement process.
What is the Next Step?
The Rules of Golf are quite complicated and even the best good-faith effort by a golfer to police himself may still result in a violation of the rules. If the USGA truly wants the enforcement of the Rules of Golf to be uniform for the entire playing field, it will need to seriously examine adding more rules officials to events. For example, there needs to be a rules official with every group during major tournaments and playoff events. Not only would this provide players with a neutral outside observer that can provide rules positions and bring any violations immediately to the forefront, but would likely minimize the time needed for a ruling to be made.
Perhaps it would even be prudent for the PGA to put a rules official in the video truck to work in concert with the rules officials. This official could monitor the videos and call out any infractions he sees to the officials on the course.
Decision 18/4 is a step in the right direction to ensure that the Rules of Golf are enforced in a uniform manner. However, the onus is now on the PGA to find new ways ensure better rules enforcement over the entire field.
Opinion & Analysis
Brandel Chamblee PGA Championship Q&A: Rose’s huge McLaren risk, distracted LIV pros and why Aronimink suits the bombers
PGA Championship week is here, and Brandel Chamblee did not hold back in our latest discussion ahead of the season’s second major.
In our 2026 PGA Championship Q&A, golf’s leading analyst made the case that PIF pulling LIV’s funding has left its players competing in a state of confusion, called Justin Rose’s mid-season equipment switch a huge risk at 45, and explained why Aronimink will be a bombers’ delight this week.
Check out the full Q&A below.
Gianni: With the PIF confirming that they’re pulling funding from LIV at the end of the season, what impact do you expect that to have on the LIV players competing at the PGA Championship?
Brandel: I would imagine that they have all been thrown into a state of confusion, and will be distracted, not knowing where they are going to play next year and not knowing exactly their road back to either the DP World Tour or the PGA Tour. Or in Rahm’s case, being tied to a sinking ship for the next few years, likely playing for pennies on the dollar in events that no one cares about or watches.
I doubt this would put him in the best frame of mind to compete at his highest level. Keeping in mind, however, that majors are the only time that LIV disciples get to play in events that matter, so never disregard the motivation they have to prove to the world they are still relevant.
Gianni: Justin Rose switched to McLaren Golf equipment mid-season while playing some of the best golf of his career. What do you make of the change?
Brandel: I don’t really know what to make of Rose switching equipment. It seems a huge risk on his part, even though it is likely, in my opinion, that the clubs he’s playing are similar, if not the exact grinds, to what he was playing previously, with a McLaren stamp on them.
Having said that, at best, it is a distraction when he seemed to be as dialed in with his game as any 45-year-old could be and trending in the majors to perhaps do something that would definitely put him in the Hall of Fame. At worst, given the possibility that these clubs aren’t just duplicates of his old set stamped with McLaren on them, he’s made an equipment change that would take time, and 45-year-old athletes don’t have the time to do such things.
Gianni: Aronimink has only hosted a handful of professional events since it hosted the 1962 PGA Championship. What kind of test does it present, and does a course with less recent major championship history tend to level the playing field?
Brandel: Even though Aronimink has only hosted a handful of meaningful professional events, it has been fairly discerning in who can win there. When Keegan Bradley won the BMW Championship on the Donald Ross masterpiece in 2018, he was the 2nd best iron player on tour coming into that week. When Nick Watney won the AT&T at Aronimink in 2011, he was 2nd in strokes gained total coming into the week.
In 2020, Aronimink hosted the KPMG Championship, and Sei Young Kim won. On the LPGA that year, she was first in greens in regulation, putts per green in regulation, and scoring average on the way to being the LPGA player of the year. And then there is the 1962 PGA Championship won by Gary Player, who eventually became just one of a few players to win the career grand slam on the way to winning 9 majors. It is a formidable test, and if it’s not softened by rain, it will bring out the best in the upper echelons of the game.
Gianni: Is there a specific hole at Aronimink that you think will do the most to decide the winner?
Brandel: The hardest hole at Aronimink in each of the three tour events that have been played there since 2010 has been the long par-3 8th hole, with the par-4 10th being the second hardest, so most of the carnage will happen around the turn, but with the par-5 16th offering opportunities for bold plays and the tough closing holes at 17 and 18, the finish is likely to be frenetic.
Gianni: The PGA Championship has always sat in the shadow of the other majors. What does the ideal PGA Championship look like in your eyes, and what would it take for it to carve out its own identity?
Brandel: The PGA Championship, to whatever degree it suffers from the comparison to the other three majors, is still counted just as much when adding them up at the end of one’s career. Almost 1/3 of Nicklaus’ major wins were the five PGA Championships he won. Walter Hagen won 11 majors, five of which were PGA Championships.
Tiger Woods twice in his career won back-to-back PGA Championships, and those four majors count just as much as the other 11 he won. The PGA may not have the prestige of the other three, but it carries the same weight. Having said that, I preferred the identity that it had as the last major of the year.
Gianni: You nailed your Masters picks. Rory won, Scottie finished solo second, and Morikawa surged to a tie for seventh. Who are your top 3 picks for the PGA Championship and why?
Brandel: I am not a huge fan of majors played on golf courses that have been shorn of most of the trees, although I understand some of the agronomic reasons for doing so and of course the ease with which it allows members to play after errant drives. However, at the highest level, it all but eliminates any strategy off the tee and turns professional golf into an even bigger slugfest. That means that it will likely be a bomber’s delight this week, but fortunately, Scottie Scheffler is long enough to play that game and straight enough to play it better than anyone else.
The major championships give us very few surprises anymore, going back to the beginning of 2012, so the last 57 majors played, the average world rank of the winners has been better than 15th in the world. So look at the highest ranked and longest drivers who are on form coming into the PGA Championship who also have great short games as the surrounds at Aronimink are very challenging. That’s Scottie Scheffler by a mile and then McIlroy and Cameron Young with a far bigger nod towards DeChambeau than I gave him at the Masters.
Club Junkie
A putter that I love and hate – Club Junkie Podcast
In this episode of the Club Junkie Podcast, we dive into one of the most interesting flatstick releases of the year with a full review of the new TaylorMade SYSTM 2 putters. After spending time on the greens, I break down what makes this design stand out, where it performs, and why it has me completely torn between loving it and fighting it. If you are into feel, alignment, and consistency, this is one you will want to hear about.
We also take a look at some of the putters in play on the PGA Tour last week. From familiar favorites to a few surprising setups, there is always something to learn from what the best players in the world are rolling with under pressure.
To wrap things up, I walk through the process of building a set of JP Golf Prime irons paired with Baddazz Gold Series shafts. From component selection to performance goals, this is a deep dive into what goes into creating a unique custom set and why this combo has been so intriguing.
Opinion & Analysis
From 14 handicap to pro: 4 things I’d tell golfers at 50
This year my 50th birthday. Gosh, where has the time gone?
As a teenager in rural Missouri, some of my junior high and high school years felt interminable. Graduation seemed light years away. But the older I get, the faster life seems to fly by.
I’m also increasingly aware of my mortality. My dad died recently. Earlier this year, a friend and fellow PGA of America professional and I were texting about our next catch-up. The next message I received was news of his unexpected passing at 48. Shortly after, a woman I dated in college succumbed to cancer at 51.
Certainly, one can share perspective at any age. Seniors help freshmen, veterans guide rookies. But reaching this milestone feels like as good a time as any to do one of those “what would I tell my younger self?” articles.
I’ve had a uniquely varied career in golf. I started as a 27-year-old, average-length-hitting, 14-handicap computer engineer and somehow managed to turn pro before running out of money, constantly bootstrapping my way forward. I’ve won qualifiers and set venue records in the World Long Drive Championships, finished fifth at the Speedgolf World Championships, coached all skill levels as a PGA of America professional, built industry-leading swing speed training programs for Swing Man Golf, helped advance the single-length iron market with Sterling Irons®, caddied on the PGA TOUR and PGA TOUR Champions, and played about 300 courses across 32 countries.
It’s been a ride, and I’ve gone both deep and wide.
So while I can consult and advise from a lot of angles, let me keep it to a few things I’d tell the average golfer who wants to improve.
1. Think About What You Want
Everyone has their own reason for picking up a golf club.
Oddly, as a professional athlete, I’m not internally driven by competition. That can be challenging, as the industry currently prioritizes and incentivizes competition over the love of the game.
For me, I love walking and being outdoors. Nature helps balance my energy. I prefer courses that are integrated into the natural beauty of their surroundings. I’m comfortable practicing alone. I’m a deep thinker, and I genuinely enjoy investigating the game, using data and intuition to unearth unique, often innovative insights. I’m fortunate to be strong and athletic, so I appreciate the chance to engage with my abilities. Traveling feels adventurous. I could go on.
You don’t have to overthink it like I do. For you, it might be as simple as hitting balls to escape work, hanging out with friends, and playing loosely with the rules and the score.
The point is to give yourself permission to play for your own reasons, and let that be enough.
But if improvement is your goal, thinking about your destination—and when you want to get there—is important, because it dictates the steps you need to take. When I set out to go from a 14-handicap to the PGA TOUR as quickly as possible, the steps I needed were very different from those of a working golfer trying to break 90 in six months. That’s also different from someone who just wants a few peaceful hours outside each week, away from work or family.
None of these goals are better than the others, but each requires a different plan that you can work backward from.
2. There Are Lots of Things That Can Work
One of the challenges of golf is that, although there are rules for playing, there aren’t clear, industry-wide standards for how to best play the game. There’s a lot of gray area.
You might hear a top coach or trainer insist that a certain move is the best way to swing or train. Then you dig a bit deeper and, much to your confusion and frustration, another respected coach or trainer says something completely different. I don’t think anyone is trying to confuse you—at least I hope not. It’s just where the industry is right now.
You have to be careful with advice from tournament pros, too. They might be great at scoring, but they’re also human and sometimes just as susceptible as amateurs to believing things that don’t really move the needle. Tour players might describe what they feel, but that’s not always what they’re actually doing when assessed with technology.
I recently ran a test on my YouTube channel (which connects to my GolfWRX article “How to use your hands in the golf swing for power and accuracy”), and, interestingly, two of the most commonly taught hand actions produced the worst results in the test.
Coaches can certainly help. If you find someone you connect with to help navigate, that’s great. But there are many ways to get the ball in the hole. In the current landscape, you may need to seek multiple opinions, think critically, and use your own intuition to discern what seems true and whose advice resonates with you.
I’d recommend seeking someone who is open-minded and always learning, because things constantly change. Absolutes like “correct” or “proper” should raise a red flag. AI can be useful, but it tends to confidently repeat popular advice, so proceed with caution.
3. Get Custom Fit
If you’re serious about becoming a better player, getting custom fit is hugely important. There’s no sense fighting your equipment if you don’t have to. Most better players get fit these days and, if they don’t, they’re usually skilled enough to work around clubs that aren’t ideal.
If you plan to play for a long time, it’s worth spending a little more upfront to get something that truly fits you and your game, rather than continually buying and discarding equipment.
Equipment rules haven’t really changed significantly since the early 2000s. To stay in business, manufacturers keep pushing those limits. If you pull a bunch of clubs and balls off the rack and test them, you’ll find differences. I’ve tested two new drivers and seen a 30-yard total distance gap. Usually, the issue isn’t bad equipment; it’s that the combination of components simply isn’t the best fit.
It’s like wearing a new pair of floppy clown shoes. Sure, they’re shoes—but you won’t sprint your best in them compared to track shoes that fit perfectly.
Be wary of what’s called custom fitting, too. Sometimes the term is used as a marketing strategy rather than an actual fitting. In some retail settings, fitters may be incentivized to steer you toward higher-priced components. That doesn’t automatically mean it’s not the best fit, but you should be aware of potential biases.
I learned a version of this lesson outside of golf. Years ago, I bought a tennis racquet at a big box store from a seemingly knowledgeable employee who thought it would suit me best. The racquet gave me tennis elbow, and I spent months recovering with rest and acupuncture. The next season, I invested more time and money to find what actually fit me, and I walked away with something amazing that I still play with years later.
So if you’re going to get fit, be smart about it.
Find someone you believe has deep knowledge—possibly with certifications, but not necessarily. Make sure there’s a wide inventory across many brands. Check recent reviews for the individual fitter if possible. Make sure you trust that the fitter has your best interests at heart. If they’re wearing a hat or shirt with a specific brand’s logo, proceed with caution. Unless you specifically want a certain brand or look, be wary of upsells, especially if two options perform nearly the same.
Also, while golf is called a sport of integrity, there’s a thread of manipulation in the industry. I once drafted an equipment article for an industry magazine, structured just like one of their previous popular stories, with matching word count and great photos. The assistant editor loved it; it was useful to readers and required little work on his part. But the editor-in-chief nixed the story. When I asked why, I was told it was because I wasn’t an advertiser. It turned out the article I’d modeled mine after was a paid ad cleverly disguised as editorial content.
I really dislike games, clickbait, and fear-based manipulation. I hope this changes, but golfers deserve to know it exists.
4. Distance and Strategy Matter
There’s a real relationship between how far you hit the ball and your scoring average, even at the PGA TOUR level.
I experienced this early in my pro career. I started as a power hitter, swinging in the high 120s and breaking 200 mph ball speed with a stock driver.
Back then, some instructors advised swinging at 80%, so I tried slowing down for more accuracy. That worked fine on shorter, tighter courses. But on longer setups, I was coming into greens with too much club, and par 5s stopped being
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ken
Dec 3, 2013 at 11:43 pm
I agree with the change.
The issue is not the rule in and of itself. Rather the enforcement of the rule using outside influences. Yes, the enhanced video can detect the moved ball. Not the point. The fact is not every player in a tournament field is followed by tv cameras. Some players, save for when they walk past a camera, do not get any tv time.
Until every single player is monitored by some kind of video throughout the entirety of an event, this usage of enhanced video should not have been used in the first place.
Also. In my opinion the various associations governing the game should STOP taking phone calls and electronic messages from viewers.
Rob
Nov 27, 2013 at 6:52 am
Good rule, needs to be expanded to negate all decisions based on advanced technology and viewer call ins. Nick commented “touring pros don’t feel they need to play by the rules”, “TW saw the ball move”, TW decided to cheat”. These are all Nick’s opinions. The last thing golf needs is people like Nick participating in rules decisions.
Patrick
Nov 26, 2013 at 4:00 pm
This is a good decision by the rules committee. Gallery and spectators should not be able to enforce penalty. How is a ball moving a millimeter going to affect the next shot anyway…It’s not. Good riddance.
jc
Nov 25, 2013 at 5:35 pm
that wasn’t a millimeter…it was very plain it moved since the logo moved from west-east to north-south. Not that that would ever bother Tiger. He NEVER sees anything he did as wrong
Rich
Nov 24, 2013 at 5:15 am
The rule wouldnt have been changed if it hadn’t happened to one TW this year.
RG
Nov 22, 2013 at 11:58 pm
Its about time they realized that it is unfair to penalize a player for something that is outside the players ability to detect. Now golfs ruling bodies need to realize that technology could be used to help instead of just hurt a player. Intent plays a part in every governing system on the planet, but not golf. Lets use tech to see if a guy meant to infringe or accidentally did so. Stop with all the hoopla over millimeters and grazing sand on the backswing and lets play golf. Golf is the only game in the world where its greatest championship can be taken away from a champion if that champion does not do good arithmetic. Its silly stupid and it needs to stop.
Hunterdog
Nov 21, 2013 at 7:20 pm
The decision only applies when the movement of the ball could not reasonably be detected without enhanced video; in other words no penalty if player could not know that ball moved. No big deal.
kloyd0306
Nov 21, 2013 at 7:11 pm
Viewers being able to “call in” a possible infraction needs to cease. Such an availability penalizes higher profile players disproportionately. Such rulings and decisions need to be confined to the players and the officials – no one else.
Nick
Nov 24, 2013 at 4:10 pm
Yes I agree that it is unfair that they are subjected to more scrutiny since they are on TV more. They also have more sponsors and more money because they are better and more popular players. So I feel that the exposure is point is moot. The real issue is why touring PROS don’t feel they need to play by the rules. If the ball moves because of you, there is no grey area. TW was looking right at the ball and tried to move the stick to help his lie. The ball moved he saw it and decided to CHEAT the game. Maybe if he didn’t hit his ball into the crap he would not need to cry to the commish.
Bout time
Nov 21, 2013 at 4:21 pm
Take that Chamblee!!!
ken
Dec 3, 2013 at 11:47 pm
Just a minute…Tour players don’t feel they should have to play by the rules?
From where did you get this information?
Nick, unless you can provide proof of that accusation being true, I suggest you delete your post and refrain form making such baseless charges.
Dan
Nov 21, 2013 at 3:38 pm
I like the new rule. Currently, higher profile players are at a disadvantage for incidents similar to the Tiger “wobble” at the BMW. Those guys are going to have many more cameras rolling on them. The “call in” rule should only have been implemented if every shot of every player was captured with the same level of detail.
yo!2
Nov 21, 2013 at 2:05 pm
what about the stick that was moved out of the way to get a clear shot that caused the ball to move a millimeter?
yo!
Nov 21, 2013 at 1:03 pm
It’s a good rule. A ball moving a millimeter isn’t going to make a difference.
Jack
Nov 21, 2013 at 10:41 pm
Yeah, there needs to be a material difference clause in there. You moved your ball a millimeter? It’s ok no violation since it doesn’t make a difference, and you didn’t intend to do it. You move the ball 5 inches back? Yeah you’re DQed. Tamping a spike mark? Ouch.
ken
Dec 3, 2013 at 11:50 pm
A player does not suffer disqualification for moving his ball or causing it to move at address. He is disqualified only if he does not penalize himself the appropriate number of strokes per the rule AND signs his scorecard without making the correction.
David Sefton
Nov 21, 2013 at 12:52 pm
TV companies will not stop showing enhanced coverage of these incidents. So, persistent offenders with ‘poor naked eye vision’ will soon be highlighted.