Instruction
Understanding How The Body Affects The Golf Swing: Shoulder Bend
Generally speaking, in all sports, if the head is moving the body is moving with it.
In football, if you grab someone’s face mask and pull their head, the rest of the body tends to follow. So it would be of the utmost importance in a sport where the ball is not moving to eliminate any excess head movement in the backswing to prevent the body from moving excessively.
To better understand why this happens, we need to have a better understanding of what is causing it. For that, I introduce you to what is called the “shoulder bends.”
Above: Shoulder bend will always read in degrees.
In the photo above, the golfer on the left is currently standing straight up and down with NO shoulder bend. That’s why number on the image reads 0 degrees. The golfer in the middle is bent over and has 47 degrees of FORWARD shoulder bend. The more he leans forward, the more degrees of shoulder bend he will have. Finally, the golfer on the right is standing tall and leaning back and his shoulder bend reads 21 degree BACKWARD. The more he leans back, the more backward shoulder bend he will have.
Now that you understand basic shoulder bends, let’s talk about how they relate to golfers who moves their head off the golf ball and golfers who do not move off the ball.
In the golf swing, all golfers will start in a position of FORWARD Shoulder Bend as seen below.
As the golfer starts their backswing, they are slowly losing their FORWARD shoulder bend and will eventually make it to the top of the backswing and a point which ideally will have ZERO Shoulder Bend forward.
Golfers who move their head off the golf ball will start in forward shoulder bend, make their backswing, and by the time their club is up to the top of the backswing they will maintain some or the majority of their forward shoulder bend, looking like the image below. The more forward shoulder bend they have the more they will move off the golf ball.
Maintaining too much forward shoulder bend at the top of the backswing not only moves the head off the golf ball, but it creates a variety of other miscues such as fat shots, a lack of distance and directional problems.
How To Fix The Problem
Without a golf club in your hand, stand next to a door frame with your left foot nearly touching the left door jamb.
With your arms crossing your shoulders, turn and begin to simulate a backswing. This backswing shouldn’t allow your shoulder blades to move farther away from the left door jamb. In fact, feel like they are moving closer to it!
If you notice that your shoulders at the top of the backswing are farther away from the left door jamb, you have maintained too much forward bend, which is a problem. From this position, take your shoulders and begin to move or push them closer to the left door jamb. This will take your head and move it back over the golf ball and create the feeling we call “extension.” Repeat until this feel more natural.
If you can do this drill properly, you will eliminate your excessive head movement during the backswing and most likely hit the ball more solid!
The LPGA Tour is kicking off its 2026 season this week at Lake Nona Golf and Country Club in Orlando, and the pros are dealing with something most Florida golfers rarely face: freezing temperatures.
“It’s colder here than in the UK at the minute, which is a first,” said England’s Charley Hull during Wednesday’s media day at the Hilton Grand Vacations Tournament of Champions.
Even Lydia Ko, who lives at Lake Nona, seemed surprised by the cold snap. “We’re pretty much getting to below zero in celsius here, which maybe in other parts of the country they would be thankful, but when you’re in Florida it is a little bit of a surprise,” she said.
If the world’s best players are adjusting their games for cold weather, recreational golfers should, too. Here’s how to play smart when the mercury drops.
Understand What Cold Does to Your Game
Before you change anything, you need to know what you’re fighting against. Cold air is denser than warm air, which means your ball won’t fly as far. Period.
Hull noticed this immediately during practice rounds at Lake Nona. She mentioned hitting a gap wedge into the 18th hole during a previous win but needing a 4-iron during Tuesday’s practice round. That’s a difference of four or five clubs for the same shot.
Action item: Expect to lose 5-10 yards on every club in your bag when temperatures dip below 50 degrees. Plan accordingly and don’t be stubborn about club selection.
Layer Up Without Restricting Your Swing
Hull admitted she wore three pairs of pants during practice. While that might be extreme for most of us, staying warm is critical to playing well in cold conditions.
Your muscles need warmth to function properly. When you’re cold, your body tightens up and your swing gets shorter and faster. Neither of those things help you hit good golf shots.
Action item: Wear multiple thin layers instead of one bulky jacket. Look for golf-specific cold weather gear that stretches with your swing. Keep hand warmers in your pockets between shots. And don’t forget a good hat because you lose significant body heat through your head.
Take More Club Than You Think You Need
This is where ego gets in the way of good scores. When it’s cold, the ball doesn’t compress as well off the clubface. Combined with denser air, you’re looking at serious distance loss.
The pros at Lake Nona are dealing with a course that measures 6,642 yards but plays much longer this week. If they’re adjusting, you should too.
Action item: Take at least one extra club on every approach shot. In temperatures below 40 degrees, consider taking two extra clubs. It’s better to fly the ball to the back of the green than to come up short in a bunker.
Adjust Your Expectations on the Greens
Cold weather affects putting in ways most golfers don’t consider. The ball is harder and doesn’t roll as smoothly. Your hands are cold, making it harder to feel the putter. And if there’s any moisture on the greens, they’ll be slower than normal.
Ko mentioned that she still sometimes reads the greens wrong at Lake Nona despite being a member for years. Cold weather makes that challenge even tougher.
Action item: Hit putts more firmly than usual. The ball needs extra speed to hold its line on cold greens. Take a few extra practice strokes to get a feel for the speed before you putt.
Embrace the Mental Challenge
Hull said something interesting about cold weather golf: “I like the mental toughness of it.”
That’s the right attitude. Everyone on the course is dealing with the same conditions. The player who stays patient and doesn’t get frustrated by the extra difficulty will come out ahead.
Action item: Lower your expectations by a few strokes. If you normally shoot 85, accept that 90 might be a good score in 40-degree weather. Focus on solid contact and smart decisions rather than perfect shots.
Warm Up Longer and Smarter
This might be the most important tip of all. Cold muscles are tight muscles, and tight muscles get injured easily.
World No. 1 Jeeno Thitikul revealed she’s been protecting a wrist injury that bothered her late last season. Cold weather makes those kinds of injuries more likely if you don’t prepare properly.
Action item: Spend at least 20 minutes warming up before your round. Start with stretching, then hit easy wedge shots before working up to your driver. Keep moving between shots on the course to maintain body heat and flexibility.
The pros at Lake Nona this week will adapt and compete at the highest level despite the cold. You can do the same at your local course by following these tips and keeping a positive attitude.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “Playing Through” now on R.org, RG.org’s partner site, each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more tips!
Brooks Koepka is back on the PGA Tour, and whether you love him or hate him, the guy knows how to win when it matters. After his LIV Golf stint, the five-time major champion returns this week at the Farmers Insurance Open.
What makes Koepka fascinating? He doesn’t fit the mold. His swing isn’t textbook. He doesn’t obsess over mechanics. Yet he’s won three PGA Championships and two U.S. Opens, regularly making it look easier than guys with prettier swings.
So, what can average golfers learn from someone who treats the game so differently? Quite a bit.
Stop Overthinking Every Shot
Koepka describes his approach as “reactionary” rather than mechanical. While most tour pros grind over swing thoughts, Brooks sees the target and hits it. No mental checklist.
This might be the most valuable lesson for weekend golfers who’ve watched too many YouTube swing videos.
How to actually do this:
On the range, hit five balls where you stare at the target for three seconds prior to addressing the ball. Don’t think about grip or stance. Just burn that target into your brain. You’ll be shocked at how pure you hit it when your brain focuses on where the ball is going instead of how you’re swinging.
Next time you play, give yourself a rule: Once you pull the club, you’ve got 15 seconds to hit. Koepka is one of the fastest players on tour because he doesn’t give his brain time to sabotage him.
If you feel tension in your hands at address, you’re trying to control too much. Koepka’s grip pressure is famously light. Loosen up until the club almost feels like it might slip, then add just enough pressure to hold on. That’s your swing thought: soft hands, see the target.
This approach works better under pressure. When you’re standing over that shot with water left and OB right, the last thing you need is a mental checklist. See it, feel it, hit it.
Play to Your Strengths (Even If They’re Not Pretty)
Koepka uses a strong grip that wouldn’t pass muster in some teaching circles. But he’s built his game around what works for him, elite driving distance and recovery skills. He doesn’t try to be someone he’s not.
Here’s how to build your game like Brooks:
Look at your last five rounds and figure out where you’re actually gaining strokes. Bombing it off the tee, but can’t hit greens? Lean into it. Play courses where distance matters more than precision. On tight holes, grip down on your 3-wood instead of trying to thread a driver through a keyhole you’ll miss seven times out of ten.
Koepka knows he can scramble, so he’s not afraid to miss greens. If you’re deadly from 50 to 75 yards, start leaving yourself those distances on the par 5’s instead of going for them in two every time.
Know when to take your medicine. Koepka in the trees at the PGA? He’s punching out to 100 yards, not trying to bend a 6-iron around three oaks. You’re in the rough with a flyer lie and water short? Hit your 8-iron to the middle and move on. That’s not playing scared, that’s playing smart.
Save Your Best for When It Counts
Here’s a wild stat: Koepka’s putting average in majors is often more than a full stroke better per round than in regular events. He elevates when pressure is highest.
How does an amateur tap into that gear? It’s not about trying harder, it’s about caring differently.
Here’s what actually works:
Decide which rounds matter to you. Club championship? Member-guest? That annual trip with college buddies? Circle those dates and treat them differently. Koepka doesn’t care much about regular tour events, but majors? That’s when he locks in.
Two weeks before your big round, change your practice. Stop beating balls mindlessly. Play nine holes in which every shot has consequences. Miss the fairway? Hit from the rough on the next hole too. Three-putt? Twenty push-ups. Koepka’s practice intensity ramps up before majors because he’s rehearsing pressure, not just swings.
Develop a between-shot routine that resets your brain. Koepka is famous for his blank expression after bad shots. Try this: After any shot, take three deep breaths while walking, then find something specific to notice, a tree, a cloud, someone’s shirt. That’s your reset button. By the time you reach your ball, the last shot is gone.
The Bottom Line
Brooks Koepka’s return reminds us there’s no single path to success in golf. His “substance over style” approach proves that results matter more than looking good.
You don’t need a perfect swing; you need a reliable one that holds up under pressure. You don’t need to hit every shot in the book; you need the shots you can count on. And you don’t need to play great every time; you need to play great when it matters.
Welcome back, Brooks. Thanks for the reminder that golf is ultimately about getting the ball in the hole, not winning style points.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “Playing Through” now on R.org, RG.org’s partner site, each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more tips!
Blades Brown made a big impression last week in the California desert, and not just because he’s only 18. He put up numbers that would catch any weekend golfer’s attention. Most of us won’t hit 317-yard drives or find 86% of our greens in regulation, but there’s a lot to learn from how Brown managed his game at The American Express.
Here are three practical lessons from his performance that you can use on your own course this weekend.
Step 1: Give Priority to Accuracy Over Distance Off The Tee
Brown’s driving stats are impressive. He averaged almost 318 yards off the tee, ranking 12th in the field. More importantly, he hit 76.79% of his fairways, tying for fourth place in the tournament.
Think about that ratio for a second. Brown could have swung harder, chased more distance and tried to overpower the course. Instead, he played smart golf and kept his ball in play.
Your Action Item: Next time you’re on the tee box, ask yourself a simple question before pulling the driver. Do you need maximum distance here, or do you need to be in the fairway? If there’s trouble lurking or the hole doesn’t demand every yard you can muster, take something off your swing. Grip down an inch. Make a three-quarter swing. Do whatever it takes to find the short grass. Brown’s approach illustrates that fairways lead to greens, and greens lead to birdies. He made 22 of them last week, along with an eagle.
The math is simple. When you’re hitting three out of every four fairways like Brown did, you’re giving yourself legitimate looks at the green with your approach shots. That’s when scoring happens.
Step 2: Commit To Hitting More Greens
This is where Brown really separated himself. He hit 62 of 72 greens in regulation, an 86.11% clip that tied for first in the entire field. Read that again. An 18-year-old kid tied for the lead in one of the most important ball-striking statistics in professional golf.
How did he do it? By keeping his ball in the fairway (see Step 1) and giving himself clean looks with mid-irons and wedges.
Your Action Item: Start tracking your greens in regulation. You don’t need a fancy app or a statistics degree. Just mark down whether you hit the green in the regulation number of strokes. Par 3s in one shot. Par 4s in two shots. Par 5s in three shots.
Once you know your baseline, set a goal to improve it by 10%. If you’re currently hitting five greens per round, aim for six. The beauty of this approach is that it forces you to think strategically about club selection and shot shape. Brown’s strokes gained approach number was positive (0.179), meaning he was better than the field average. You don’t need to be perfect. You just need to be on the dance floor more often.
When you hit more greens, you eliminate the need for heroic short game shots. Brown only had to scramble 10 times all week, and he got up and down 70% of the time. That’s solid, but the real story is that he rarely put himself in scrambling situations to begin with.
Step 3: Minimize Mistakes And Stay Patient
Here’s the stat that jumps off the page: Brown made only three bogeys all week. Three. In four rounds of professional golf against the best players in the world.
He also made just one double bogey. That kind of clean card doesn’t happen by accident. It happens when you play within yourself, avoid the big miss and trust that pars are never bad scores.
Your Action Item: Before your next round, decide that you’re going to play boring golf. No hero shots over water. No driver on tight holes just because you can. No aggressive pins when there’s a safe side of the green.
Brown’s performance shows us that consistency beats flash every single time. He didn’t lead the field in any single strokes gained category, but he was solid across the board. That’s how you post numbers and cash checks.
Give these three steps a try. Your scorecard will thank you.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” now on R.org, RG.org’s partner site, each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more tips!
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John
Jun 5, 2016 at 6:23 pm
Why are you referring to this as ‘shoulder bend?’ The shoulders don’t bend. This is spine tilt, often referred to as primary tilt (forward tilt / back tilt).
Jason
Nov 12, 2014 at 11:56 am
Couple of questions: 1:) why when measuring shoulder bend, do we measure it from the down the line angle at address, and then from the front view at the top of the backswing? Isn’t this really measuring two different things?
2:) at address, a player should have a slight amount of spins tilt away from the target. So, at the top of the swing, if that tilt was maintained, how could we ever attain a 0 degree measurement if we didn’t reverse that initial tilt? Am I thinking of this correctly?
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 12, 2014 at 3:36 pm
Hi Jason, Thanks for the comments and questions. Let me see if i can answer these for you.
#1 – So technically we don’t measure shoulder bend from either angle. It is actually in 3-dimensions. In the picture about explaining shoulder bend there is a motion sensor on my back. So technically at address you can estimate shoulder bend from the down the line view, but it wont be perfect.
#2 It is true that you will start with some kind of spine tilt at address. Not a large amount though. During the backswing the golfer begins to turn and tilt, as the golfer continues back, to maintain their inclination to the ground and eliminate excessive upper body translation they will also extend their spine. That is essentially the goal of the above drill. If a golfer doesn’t extend they will then begin to translate significantly off the ball.
Essentially a golfer will be in a position of flexion (forward shoulder bend) at address, during the backswing they will be going from flexion to extension(where shoulder bend goes to somewhere around zero degrees).
Does that help?
For a visual here’s a picture i quickly googled to show Johnny Miller doing the same thing….starts with a spine tilted to his right (away from the target a few degrees).
http://asafgolf.free.fr/images/golf/swings/miller_face.jpg
Feel free to email me at syurgalevicz@golfTEC.com and I can try to explain it a bit more in depth for you
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antonio
Nov 11, 2014 at 4:17 am
Thanks a lot Scott for the very interesting article. I saw myself in the forward bend position and have been working lately to limit that which has improved a lot my ball striking. Also I have been using your drill basically as part of my warm up routine. Please confirm where your weight should be (left or right foot) when you make the full turn in the drill. Thanks again
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 12, 2014 at 3:40 pm
Antonio,
Great to hear this drill helps! I would recommend you feeling more weight on the front foot esp if you are working on eliminating forward shoulder bend at the top.
Let me know if you need anymore help. syurgalevicz@golftec.com
Steve Lippincott
Nov 10, 2014 at 11:30 am
The information Scott presents in this article is part of the GolfTEC system of coaching. It represents the change in the spine from forward to lateral flexion that every golfer does to varying degrees as verified by testing more then a million tour professionals and amateurs a like on the 3d motion capture system Golftec coaches like Scott, and myself use everyday.
After teaching more then 17,000 lessons on that system the most common pattern I see in the highest handicap golfers is too bend too far forward at the top of the swing. This greatly limits their ability to rotate and limits the amount the left arm can orbit the torso. It can also produce a greater risk of injury, though any discussion of why a golfer gets injured is subjective conjecture at best.
Lastly, Scott’s measurement of how the spine changes from forward to lateral flexion is consistent amongst the best players in the world. It’s not a Stack and Tilt invention it’s a common pattern amongst those who strike a golf ball the best.
Matt Christian
Nov 9, 2014 at 3:01 pm
http://youtu.be/_i6ucMMuzU0
Stewart Graham
Nov 9, 2014 at 8:30 am
No doubt Scott is full of enthousiam his pupils seem to be good junior / high school players well done Scott .Have you ever worked with real ordinary club golfers 50/60 / 70years old? Stiff business men, overweight ladies seniors with arthritis if they tried to keep the head still ,turn around the same axe ,they would probably end up in hospital .too many people are been taught like tour pros ,find golf more difficult than it should be and the give up the game .Just look at the Senior Tours they swing the clubhead with minimum stress on ther body ,swings that last à lifetime .Most of the players that are on the world tours at the moment wont even make it to the senior tours.By the way can anybody name me a sport where the head stays fixed? Stewart Graham PGA GB 42years Positive Impact Golf.
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 9, 2014 at 9:23 am
Thanks For the comment Stewart, quite frankly the majority of my students are aged 40-60, with office jobs where they don’t move around most of the day. I fact one of my favorite students is a 75 yr old man who is about 5 feet tall and 150lbs max, who just this year wanted to learn the game. His swing is really not much different than what I show above. He started with more shoulder bend at the top (he was actually around 35* of forward shoulder bend), he generally couldn’t hit the ball very far (a la mr. Havercamp In caddy shack 🙂 ) Now we hover around 5-8* of forward shoulder bend at the top and he strikes the ball really well. Some people can’t get to zero, others can only get to 8*, as with anything there is a range of acceptable that I look for.
Thanks again,
Scott
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 9, 2014 at 9:27 am
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vYej_2wxX38
Thought I could throw this video of Albert Pujols up to show how stable his head remains with zero translation of the upper body going backward.
Thanks again,
mike
Nov 9, 2014 at 9:56 am
Great point Scott. Albert is very still woth his head. Also, I would say thay it doesn’t matter how old you are, physiologically, extending the spine and shoulder and neck and hip and knee and ankle joints is completely healthy as that’s what joints are designed to do.
I’d also like to post this video of a slapshot. Even though Chara is moving on his skates, look at how he turns his shoulders back and through without moving his head. Pretty cool stuff.
Brandon
Nov 8, 2014 at 8:50 pm
Scott, great article!
mike
Nov 8, 2014 at 8:32 pm
Scott,
Great work. For all that are questioning Stack and Tilt, if you do your research you will find that no player who has ever worked with Mike and Andy have had a back injury while working with them. Tiger’s back problem was not a result of a centered turn. Also, tilting the spine to keep it centered is referring to left side bend and extending and turning at equitable rates to to keep the head in place. An overwhelming majority of current and past champions have done the same thing.
This article is perfect for starting to introduce 3D thinking and measuring into the typical description if a backswing.
Also, you have a typo in your Bio, Scott.
mike
Nov 8, 2014 at 8:34 pm
2nd paragraph “….He started my golfing career…”
James
Nov 8, 2014 at 7:31 pm
Stack and tilt is a good thing…I do it my self. I’ve been to the seminars where Andy and Mike talk about the exact same thing.
James
Nov 8, 2014 at 6:47 pm
This is Stack and Tilt. Tilting the spine as you make your backswing to keep your head centered!
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 8, 2014 at 7:19 pm
Hey James, thanks for the comment. This article is about how to eliminate excessive upper body translation/keeping a steady head during the backswing.
Not sure if you were pointing out stack and tilt as a bad thing or a good thing but what I do know is that 99% of all pga tour pros are closer to the picture with 0 shoulder bend at the top of their backswing than the golfer with excessive shoulder bend forward.
Thanks for the comment & feel free to ask any questions about shoulder bends or stack and tilt for that matter and I would be more than happy to answer them for you!
Cheers,
Scott
NT
Nov 13, 2014 at 1:06 pm
That’s right 995 of all tour players look closer to the 0 shoulder bend. Many mistake keeping the head still in the same position during the backswing as stack and tilt.
dan
Nov 8, 2014 at 5:53 pm
Just a thought. When tiger woods was winning everything he looked at his head moved off the ball. This allowed for a more natural movement into impact and put less stress on his back. It has been noted by other coaches that since he now keeps his head still through impact it has contributed to his back issues m just saying…
Scott Yurgalevicz
Nov 8, 2014 at 6:13 pm
Hey Dan, thank you for your comment. I completely understand your position. The article is merely a way for the average golfer to understand why they may move off the ball excessively.
Technically speaking a golfer will tend to encounter more back problems the more they stay in forward flexion, while attempting to turn. Most expert golfers will generally have very little if not zero head movement at all, but again there are always going to be the anomalies that do it a different way.
Thanks again for the comment!