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3 keys you need to understand about impact to play better golf

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Impact is the point where the golf ball is programmed by your swing to fly high or low, with curvature or dead straight. Most golfers don’t understand exactly how the relationship between the club head and the golf ball at impact determines how your golf ball flies in the air, however, so in this article I will dissect what happens at the moment of impact. After reading this, hopefully you will have a better idea of what the true goal of a golf swing is, and how you can produce greater consistency in your game.

Here are 3 keys you need to understand about impact to play better golf.

1. Your address position and impact position are NOT the same

StickneyImpactvsSetup

The address position (left) and the impact position (right).

It always amazes me how many golf magazine articles say something like, “See how the impact position mirrors the address position.” This is simply not the case.

A Tour Professional’s body at address has certain fundamental characteristics that we all know: a semi-bent left wrist, a flat right wrist, an almost perpendicular angle of their shaft to the ground, shoulders and hips that are somewhat square, and a spine that is tilted a touch to the right of center, as well as forward from the hips.

But at the impact position, all these characteristics change. The only thing that stays the same is the golf ball; it’s still sitting on the tee or on the ground. If you’re trying to re-create your address position at impact, you’re more than likely “quitting” on the shot, which will cause you to lose lag, distance, and consistency every time.

2. The Difference Between Impact and Golf Ball “Separation”

Photo Credit: Trackman Golf

Photo Credit: Trackman Golf

Impact is the point where the club first touches the ball. It’s during this time that the ball briefly adheres to the club face — for about 0.75 inches — as the clubhead moves in its orbit through impact. “Separation” occurs very rapidly after this.

Separation is the point when the ball rebounds off the clubface, and it’s here that the ball is programmed how to react during its flight. Most players believe you must impact the ball with a square clubface, and hit the back of the ball while the clubhead moves down your intended target line. That’s not the case. We now understand that doing so is incorrect, and will produce inadequate impact alignments. My last key will explain what’s truly important about impact: face-to-path differences.

3. Face-to-Path Differences Controls Curvature

StickneyTrackmanImpact

The face-to-path ratio for this swing was -12.4, creating a draw. As you can see, the club path was well right of the face angle at impact.

Thanks to Trackman, we now understand why a golf ball flies the way it does. Assuming you hit the center of the club face, shot curvature is created by the difference between the club face and the club path at impact, and is highly influenced by changes in spin loft. The bigger the difference between the face-to-path ratio, the more the ball will want to curve.

As we reduce loft, and thus decrease spin loft, the ball will curve even more. This is why you can have the same face-to-path ratio with a sand wedge and a driver, and the wedge shot will hit the green while the driver shot will finish in the trees. So the key to controlling your golf ball is to:

  1. Make sure you’re contact shots on the center of the club face (Learn more)
  2. Manage the differences between your face-to-path (Learn more)

You should now have a better idea of what happens during impact. From there, it will be easier for you to envision what your teaching professional wants you to accomplish, and why.

Tom F. Stickney II, is a specialist in Biomechanics for Golf, Physiology, and 3d Motion Analysis. He has a degree in Exercise and Fitness and has been a Director of Instruction for almost 30 years at resorts and clubs such as- The Four Seasons Punta Mita, BIGHORN Golf Club, The Club at Cordillera, The Promontory Club, and the Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort. His past and present instructional awards include the following: Golf Magazine Top 100 Teacher, Golf Digest Top 50 International Instructor, Golf Tips Top 25 Instructor, Best in State (Florida, Colorado, and California,) Top 20 Teachers Under 40, Best Young Teachers and many more. Tom is a Trackman University Master/Partner, a distinction held by less than 25 people in the world. Tom is TPI Certified- Level 1, Golf Level 2, Level 2- Power, and Level 2- Fitness and believes that you cannot reach your maximum potential as a player with out some focus on your physiology. You can reach him at tomstickneygolf@gmail.com and he welcomes any questions you may have.

11 Comments

11 Comments

  1. John Chapman

    Jul 25, 2016 at 7:32 am

    Why is everyone so happy to just accept the idea of, ‘Assuming you hit the center of the club face’?

    The impact location has a huge affect on how the golf ball will fly, without measuring strike you might as well ignore the rest of the club parameters, is there not a technology that measures everything including Impact Location?

  2. RI_Redneck

    Jul 22, 2016 at 11:15 pm

    I agree that address position and impact position are VERY RARELY the same. However, there is a definite relationship between the two. Otherwise, we wouldn’t see master golfers being so meticulous in their address setup. For instance, I typically aim the clubface as close as possible to my intended starting line and have trained myself to return it to that same alignment (as long as I can keep my dominate right hand in a semi passive state). Had I learned to swing left handed like Phil, it may very well have been quite beneficial to my game.

    BT

  3. Dennis Clark

    Jul 21, 2016 at 4:58 pm

    spot on pro..

  4. ron

    Jul 21, 2016 at 4:51 pm

    What are your thoughts on the DST theory of pre-setting the impact position by having the club and shaft in one straight line at address with the driver?

  5. larrybud

    Jul 21, 2016 at 2:22 pm

    Tom, re: separation… how much does it really matter? 3/4″ on the arc is what, MAYBE 1/2 degree in face angle and path?

  6. Ian

    Jul 21, 2016 at 2:18 pm

    What path-to-face ratio do you need for a straight ball flight?

  7. Craig

    Jul 21, 2016 at 1:12 pm

    Nice article Tom. I wish you were back in Utah, I’d come see you for a lesson. I don’t get to where you are much…:)

  8. WTF

    Jul 21, 2016 at 12:38 pm

    “Most players believe you must impact the ball with a square clubface, and hit the back of the ball while the clubhead moves down your intended target line. That’s not the case. We now understand that doing so is incorrect,…”

    Really!? So you are NOT supposed to hit the ball with a square face down your intended target line? If not, then what are you supposed to do? I also don’t see how you can even explain hitting the ball anywhere but the back of the ball…Where are you supposed to hit it, the front, right side, left side, on top or below?

    Other than that, nothing new in ground breaking moment of impact analysis. Only thing that you really explained well was how the side spin is impacted more by the difference between the face angle and swing path than anything else. That easily explains why a closed face with an over the top swing produces pull hooks, snap hooks, or just a pull.

    • larrybud

      Jul 21, 2016 at 2:21 pm

      Read the Trackman “fundamentals”. If I swing 4 degrees left with approx 4 degrees down with a face square to the target, the ball will generally go straight.

    • Snoopy

      Jul 22, 2016 at 3:44 pm

      I think his explanation just came out wrong. If the club is moving straight and the face is square, the ball obviously goes straight. But if you make it your “goal” to swing straight like that, you might not get very far because we naturally swing the club in an arc, so things aren’t aligned for long periods of time. Plus, if you keep trying for a perfectly square impact, you might get a two way miss since if you’re “early” or “late”, the club might end up both open and closed. I think his point was that if you consistently attack from one side of the ball (inside or outside), you’ll get a consistent curve direction, which you can then iron out into a pretty straight shot.

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Instruction

The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

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There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.

And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.

But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.

When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.

Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.

For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!

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Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

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Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.

Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.

If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.

1. Cultural mindset

What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!

It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.

2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling

Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.

3. Learning theory basics

It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.

As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.

So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!

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What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

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Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.

The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).

But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.

Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)

Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.

What Woad did:

• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances

• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins

• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets

• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”

Why most golfers mess this up:

• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”

• Distance becomes more important than accuracy

• They try to be heroic instead of smart

ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.

The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire

Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.

How she responded to pressure:

• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th

• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys

• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th

• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked

What amateurs do wrong:

• Get conservative when they should be aggressive

• Try to force magic when steady play would win

• Panic when someone else makes a move

ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.

Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game

Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.

Her mental approach:

• Focused on her process, not the competition

• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)

• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”

Her physical execution:

• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)

• Methodical iron play

• Steady putting

• Everything effective, nothing spectacular

ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.

Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built

The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”

Her winning mindset:

• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself

• Focused on playing well and contending

• Made winning a byproduct of a good process

• Built confidence through recent experiences:

  • Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
  • Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
  • Each experience prepared her for the next

What this means for you:

• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up

• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine

• Commit to every shot

• Stay present in the moment

ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.

The Real Lesson

Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.

The fundamentals that won:

• Hit more fairways

• Find more greens

• Make the putts you should make

• Stay patient under pressure

That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.

FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.

 

PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.

 

Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!

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