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The Benefits of Keeping your Rear Knee Straight in the Backswing

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In my article last week, I discussed the benefits of maintaining flex in your rear knee (the right knee for right-handed players) during the backswing. This week, I’d like to provide a counter-argument, and tell you about the benefits of keeping the rear knee straight.

As I’ve previously discussed, there’s no “right” way for your rear knee to behave during the swing. I simply want to empower you with the knowledge that both behaviors can be beneficial, especially when working to solve a problem with your ball striking.

To support the “rear-knee flexed” argument, I used photos of Tiger Woods’ backswing. This week, to support “rear-knee straight” argument, I’m employing video of Tommy Armour III on the Senior Tour (above). He’s had great success with his ball striking using a mostly straight rear-knee swing. Let’s examine how straightening the rear knee can benefit your golf swing in three key ways.

1. A Better Low Point

A straight rear knee allows you to keep your head more stable, and most players tend to have their low point more forward as a result, creating better impact conditions.

Personally, I find that for players who tend to sway and/or slide off the ball and never “get back” through the ball, it is much easier for them to allow the knee to straighten. It keeps them more on top of the ball, and, subsequently, they hit the ball first more often than not. Whenever you get a player to actually feel the proper low point of the swing, and therefore the proper compression of the golf ball, it’s easier for them to replicate that. I believe straightening the rear knee is one the best ways to get golfers to compress the golf ball for the first time, and more consistently afterward, too.

2. A Better, Unrestricted Turn

A straight rear knee allows less-flexible players to make a fuller turn to the top since the hips are not restricted, and the tilting of the pelvis and shoulders will put the hands in a “higher” position, leading to more speed being generated. 

Older, bigger-built, and less-flexible players just cannot generate the necessary speed they need when their rear knee stays flexed to the top; when they do so, something has to give. Usually the arms tend to lift, causing an over-the-top motion during the transition. Thus, I feel that allowing the rear knee to straighten gives them the necessary turn to get into a more playable position. Brandel Chamblee preaches this type of swing model for the average player, and I could not be in more agreement for this type of golfer. You just cannot play from a flexed position when you don’t have flexibility or speed.

3. Staying On Top

A straight rear knee allows some players to feel that it’s easier to stay “on top of the ball” using this type of knee action to the top, leading to a better weight transfer.

We all know about that the Stack-and-Tilt trend, and the now common Centered-Pivot players need to allow their rear knee to straighten in order to stay stable and over the top of the ball. When they do so, it puts them in a better and more playable position, especially with the irons. Hitting shots from 175-225 yards is the key for lower scores on the PGA Tour, according to Mark Broadie, and players employing the techniques listed above are having great success with their iron play.

Closing Thoughts

For you at home, I encourage you to examine your game, your golf swing, and your general swing flaws, and then develop a plan that either incorporates either a flexed or straight rear knee. Remember, it doesn’t matter whether your knee is flexed or straight. Both styles have their own benefits, but it’s imperative that your rear-knee behavior meshes with your physical capabilities. You want to feel both comfortable and powerful in your golf swing. Experiment and make sure you are using the correct knee action for your game.

Related

Tom F. Stickney II, is a specialist in Biomechanics for Golf, Physiology, and 3d Motion Analysis. He has a degree in Exercise and Fitness and has been a Director of Instruction for almost 30 years at resorts and clubs such as- The Four Seasons Punta Mita, BIGHORN Golf Club, The Club at Cordillera, The Promontory Club, and the Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort. His past and present instructional awards include the following: Golf Magazine Top 100 Teacher, Golf Digest Top 50 International Instructor, Golf Tips Top 25 Instructor, Best in State (Florida, Colorado, and California,) Top 20 Teachers Under 40, Best Young Teachers and many more. Tom is a Trackman University Master/Partner, a distinction held by less than 25 people in the world. Tom is TPI Certified- Level 1, Golf Level 2, Level 2- Power, and Level 2- Fitness and believes that you cannot reach your maximum potential as a player with out some focus on your physiology. You can reach him at tomstickneygolf@gmail.com and he welcomes any questions you may have.

13 Comments

13 Comments

  1. Jerry

    Jul 30, 2017 at 10:07 am

    The flex of the rear leg is a balance – you don’t need to be straight or keep the flex at address – if you see most PGA Pros, you see a straightening or extension of the rear leg on the backswing – does not straighten completely, does not remain static. Each individual finds their balance.

  2. We

    Jul 28, 2017 at 1:35 pm

    Whatever works

  3. Lloyd

    Jul 28, 2017 at 12:49 pm

    Tom, what does the foot loading look like between a flexed and straight rear knee swing? I mean on force plates that show the pressures under your feet when you load and unload your feet in the swing.

  4. Paul

    Jul 28, 2017 at 12:40 pm

    I’ve adopted the straight left knee (I’m a Lefty) and have found that at impact, I’m able to
    more consistently load weight on the front leg which has greatly improved my impact consistency.
    This straight knee flex was also a result of my attempt to pre-load a bit more weight on my front
    leg prior to initiating the backswing. Great treatment of both methods, however.

  5. Teaj

    Jul 28, 2017 at 12:13 pm

    I used to have a straight back leg but it lead to hip thrust rather then a turn of the hips. I am not knocking the article these are just what happened in my case. It was a difficult change to incorporate a flexed knee into my swing as straightening the right leg provided a lot of support and consistency but in my case I was to far over the ball and hit irons and woods with to much spin. I am sure for amateurs that have issues keeping their weight back behind the ball this would be a good swing change or even simply an exercise to put yourself over top of the ball.

  6. Samwise G

    Jul 28, 2017 at 10:37 am

    Speaking for myself—someone who straightens the rear (right) leg in the backswing—it is the rotation of the rear HIP that determines success… If my rear hip slides laterally away from the target (feels like the hip slides over the outside of my foot) then it’s a reverse pivot disaster. However, if my rear hip turns behind me (feels like my hip goes straight behind me, over the inside of my foot), then I usually hit a great shot AND allows me to feel like I can really levarage my arms for power without feeling off balance.

    Keeping my rear knee flexed definitely allows me to hit super crisp shots but my swing feels very weak (power) almost like I can’t fully leverage my arms. Who knows, probably a lot of other issues I don’t see/feel to work out first. That’s why I love this game, always something new to try and improve.

    Thanks for the follow up article, though I wish you went a bit more in-depth, maybe could’ve used examples of the old school swingers like Sam Snead or Bobby Jones. Players who straighten their rear legs with deeper turns. The OTT but on-plane swings probably could work for more people who lack the freak athleticism of today’s tour pros.

    • lopey986

      Jul 28, 2017 at 11:16 am

      Read both articles and determine the flaws in your swing and which one may be better for you.

      • timbleking

        Jul 28, 2017 at 1:28 pm

        Flows in my swing???!!! If I have to consider that, I stop everything right now. :o)

  7. prime21

    Jul 28, 2017 at 9:31 am

    For most amateurs, when the right knee straightens the hips tend to level out as they rotate into the backswing. This action tends to set the trend of level shoulders, which equates to an outside in swing path from the top. The more level a player gets going back the more separation they require to initiate the downswing, and most amateurs simply do not separate very well. For this reason, the spine never returns to its origin, causing an inconsistent delivery of path, face position, and bottom of the swing arc. Tom’s advice is always great, simply because he presents each potential option with great detail & then allows the player to figure out what “method” will work best for them. Whether your right knee straightens or remains flexed, there is a position that will work best for you & finding it will not only provide more consistent results, it will also provide a more efficient motion. None of us will ever find “perfect” but we can all become more efficient!

    • Lloyd

      Jul 28, 2017 at 4:30 pm

      Boy are you sambo stopid.

    • Lloyd

      Jul 29, 2017 at 1:10 am

      Go back to the gearhead geek forum. Reading smart stuff gives you a headache.

      • Lloyd

        Jul 29, 2017 at 10:08 pm

        Intentionally done to emphasize that yer ‘stopid’ stupid and you fell for the sarcasm. Why are you here, just to “trooll” (troll + fool)?

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Instruction

The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

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There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.

And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.

But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.

When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.

Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.

For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!

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Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

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Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.

Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.

If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.

1. Cultural mindset

What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!

It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.

2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling

Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.

3. Learning theory basics

It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.

As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.

So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!

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What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

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Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.

The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).

But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.

Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)

Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.

What Woad did:

• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances

• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins

• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets

• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”

Why most golfers mess this up:

• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”

• Distance becomes more important than accuracy

• They try to be heroic instead of smart

ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.

The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire

Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.

How she responded to pressure:

• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th

• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys

• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th

• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked

What amateurs do wrong:

• Get conservative when they should be aggressive

• Try to force magic when steady play would win

• Panic when someone else makes a move

ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.

Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game

Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.

Her mental approach:

• Focused on her process, not the competition

• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)

• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”

Her physical execution:

• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)

• Methodical iron play

• Steady putting

• Everything effective, nothing spectacular

ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.

Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built

The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”

Her winning mindset:

• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself

• Focused on playing well and contending

• Made winning a byproduct of a good process

• Built confidence through recent experiences:

  • Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
  • Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
  • Each experience prepared her for the next

What this means for you:

• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up

• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine

• Commit to every shot

• Stay present in the moment

ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.

The Real Lesson

Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.

The fundamentals that won:

• Hit more fairways

• Find more greens

• Make the putts you should make

• Stay patient under pressure

That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.

FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.

 

PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.

 

Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!

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