Instruction
How to analyze your lie in a greenside bunker

There’s a lot written about the proper bunker shot technique — you know, open your face and stance, and thump the sand — but that’s only half the battle. There’s more to being a good bunker player than just the standard technique; you also need to be able to play the ball from various lies in the sand, each of which requires slight adjustments.
This is GolfWRX, so I know the majority of you know how to play from a good lie in the bunker — and most of you also know how to play from a plugged lie, too. That’s why I’m skipping those topics in this article. What I do want to explain is how to play from a few uncommon lies in the bunker. Over and over again, I see even really good golfers fail to make the proper adjustments to hit these shots.
Related
- Adjust your setup and swing for better bunker shots
- How to hit a bunker shot, as analyzed on Trackman
Below are four lies that most golfers NEVER seem to get up and down. Hopefully, after you read this article you’ll join the select group of golfers who do.
1) The Downhill Lie
The best way to handle this lie is to lean your body with the slope, set the club up quickly and hit down and through the ball with a low finish. The ball will come out low and hot, so be prepared for it to run after it lands.
You may be able to get the ball to stop if the lip isn’t too invasive to your backswing, as shown above. But if the lip is higher and you really have to pick the club up quickly on the backswing, just know that the ball will come out scooting with very little spin. Think bunny slope (slight lip), versus a double black diamond (steep lip).
Sometimes with a steep lip, it’s better to cut your losses and aim for the fat part of the green. From this kind of lie, the goal is to have a putter in your hand on the next shot, not a wedge.
2) The Uphill-Sidehill Lie
This is my least favorite lie in the bunker. It’s just so difficult to predict how the ball will come out since there’s usually more sand in the face of the bunker than there is in the middle of it. The extra sand makes it more difficult for you to get the clubhead through the sand without the heel “dragging” and closing the face prematurely.
There is nothing like the feel of a chunked heel-drag, forcing the ball to shoot way left of your target. The best thing here is to make sure your wedges have some type of heel and toe relief. You can either buy them that way, or take your wedges to a certified clubmaker if there’s one in your area. I always suggest this type of grind for golfers who tend to open the club a lot around the greens.
If you don’t have a heel grind on your wedges, you must practice this lie from various densities of sand to understand how the ball will come out. There’s two factors at play with this shot:
- The steepness of the slope itself.
- The amount of sand on the slope.
Try to estimate the slope and sand density on a scale of 1-10, and then make the proper adjustments. Do NOT assume all side-hill lies are created equal. But either way, most of the time you’ll catch too much sand and the ball will come out left, so plan for it.
3) The Uphill Lie
Here’s a fairly common uphill lie with the lip well above the ball. Surely at some point in your golfing life you’ve been told to lean backwards with the slope and swing harder, as the ball will tend to pop way up in the air and won’t get to the hole. Sometimes people tell you to take your 56-degree wedge to compensate. I advocate something different, however, as long the lip is not too high that it impedes the shot.
My thought has always been that if I take a huge swing and the ball shoots way up in the air, I’ve completely lost control of the ball; I can’t determine how it will land or where it will go with any type of consistency.
Instead, I recommend centering your spine or even leaning slightly into the slope with your normal, open-stance, open-face bunker setup. With this adjustment, the ball will tend to release a bit upon landing, having a more predictable roll. The tendency from this lie is to leave the ball short, so the added roll will help.
This will require some experimenting with the degree of forward lean you employ. If you lean too target-ward, you may hit the ball into the lip, and if you don’t adjust enough, the ball will up-shoot as previously discussed. Find the happy medium and you’ll become a master.
4) Sneaky Sitting Down
Looks like your average bunker shot, right? Hold on, look closer. Can you see that the ball is sitting down between rake marks? This type of lie is more common than you think… but you may have never noticed.
Unlike a ball sitting up, this lie necessitates an angle of attack that is a touch more down than your normal shot. A steeper attack angle will ensure that your club moves down and through the shot, not just through the shot. Whenever the ball is sitting down, you must dig deeper for the ball to come out predictably. You don’t want the topography of the sand dictating the reaction of your golf ball, you want as much control as possible.
If you make your normal bunker swing with this lie, it will tend to come off a touch thin, flying past the pin with a bunch of spin. While seeing the ball grab when it lands is good for style points, it often still finishes too far past the pin to count on making a save.
Now that you know what to do, my advice to you is to practice these funky lies in the bunker, and embrace the process of experiment. If you skull a bunch, or leave a bunch in the bunker, who cares! That’s what practice is for, especially in the bunker.
Instruction
The Wedge Guy: Beating the yips into submission

There may be no more painful affliction in golf than the “yips” – those uncontrollable and maddening little nervous twitches that prevent you from making a decent stroke on short putts. If you’ve never had them, consider yourself very fortunate (or possibly just very young). But I can assure you that when your most treacherous and feared golf shot is not the 195 yard approach over water with a quartering headwind…not the extra tight fairway with water left and sand right…not the soft bunker shot to a downhill pin with water on the other side…No, when your most feared shot is the remaining 2- 4-foot putt after hitting a great approach, recovery or lag putt, it makes the game almost painful.
And I’ve been fighting the yips (again) for a while now. It’s a recurring nightmare that has haunted me most of my adult life. I even had the yips when I was in my 20s, but I’ve beat them into submission off and on most of my adult life. But just recently, that nasty virus came to life once again. My lag putting has been very good, but when I get over one of those “you should make this” length putts, the entire nervous system seems to go haywire. I make great practice strokes, and then the most pitiful short-stroke or jab at the ball you can imagine. Sheesh.
But I’m a traditionalist, and do not look toward the long putter, belly putter, cross-hand, claw or other variation as the solution. My approach is to beat those damn yips into submission some other way. Here’s what I’m doing that is working pretty well, and I offer it to all of you who might have a similar affliction on the greens.
When you are over a short putt, forget the practice strokes…you want your natural eye-hand coordination to be unhindered by mechanics. Address your putt and take a good look at the hole, and back to the putter to ensure good alignment. Lighten your right hand grip on the putter and make sure that only the fingertips are in contact with the grip, to prevent you from getting to tight.
Then, take a long, long look at the hole to fill your entire mind and senses with the target. When you bring your head/eyes back to the ball, try to make a smooth, immediate move right into your backstroke — not even a second pause — and then let your hands and putter track right back together right back to where you were looking — the HOLE! Seeing the putter make contact with the ball, preferably even the forward edge of the ball – the side near the hole.
For me, this is working, but I am asking all of you to chime in with your own “home remedies” for the most aggravating and senseless of all golf maladies. It never hurts to have more to fall back on!
Instruction
Looking for a good golf instructor? Use this checklist

Over the last couple of decades, golf has become much more science-based. We measure swing speed, smash factor, angle of attack, strokes gained, and many other metrics that can really help golfers improve. But I often wonder if the advancement of golf’s “hard” sciences comes at the expense of the “soft” sciences.
Take, for example, golf instruction. Good golf instruction requires understanding swing mechanics and ball flight. But let’s take that as a given for PGA instructors. The other factors that make an instructor effective can be evaluated by social science, rather than launch monitors.
If you are a recreational golfer looking for a golf instructor, here are my top three points to consider.
1. Cultural mindset
What is “cultural mindset? To social scientists, it means whether a culture of genius or a culture of learning exists. In a golf instruction context, that may mean whether the teacher communicates a message that golf ability is something innate (you either have it or you don’t), or whether golf ability is something that can be learned. You want the latter!
It may sound obvious to suggest that you find a golf instructor who thinks you can improve, but my research suggests that it isn’t a given. In a large sample study of golf instructors, I found that when it came to recreational golfers, there was a wide range of belief systems. Some instructors strongly believed recreational golfers could improve through lessons. while others strongly believed they could not. And those beliefs manifested in the instructor’s feedback given to a student and the culture created for players.
2. Coping and self-modeling can beat role-modeling
Swing analysis technology is often preloaded with swings of PGA and LPGA Tour players. The swings of elite players are intended to be used for comparative purposes with golfers taking lessons. What social science tells us is that for novice and non-expert golfers, comparing swings to tour professionals can have the opposite effect of that intended. If you fit into the novice or non-expert category of golfer, you will learn more and be more motivated to change if you see yourself making a ‘better’ swing (self-modeling) or seeing your swing compared to a similar other (a coping model). Stay away from instructors who want to compare your swing with that of a tour player.
3. Learning theory basics
It is not a sexy selling point, but learning is a process, and that process is incremental – particularly for recreational adult players. Social science helps us understand this element of golf instruction. A good instructor will take learning slowly. He or she will give you just about enough information that challenges you, but is still manageable. The artful instructor will take time to decide what that one or two learning points are before jumping in to make full-scale swing changes. If the instructor moves too fast, you will probably leave the lesson with an arm’s length of swing thoughts and not really know which to focus on.
As an instructor, I develop a priority list of changes I want to make in a player’s technique. We then patiently and gradually work through that list. Beware of instructors who give you more than you can chew.
So if you are in the market for golf instruction, I encourage you to look beyond the X’s and O’s to find the right match!
Instruction
What Lottie Woad’s stunning debut win teaches every golfer

Most pros take months, even years, to win their first tournament. Lottie Woad needed exactly four days.
The 21-year-old from Surrey shot 21-under 267 at Dundonald Links to win the ISPS Handa Women’s Scottish Open by three shots — in her very first event as a professional. She’s only the third player in LPGA history to accomplish this feat, joining Rose Zhang (2023) and Beverly Hanson (1951).
But here’s what caught my attention as a coach: Woad didn’t win through miraculous putting or bombing 300-yard drives. She won through relentless precision and unshakeable composure. After watching her performance unfold, I’m convinced every golfer — from weekend warriors to scratch players — can steal pages from her playbook.
Precision Beats Power (And It’s Not Even Close)
Forget the driving contests. Woad proved that finding greens matters more than finding distance.
What Woad did:
• Hit it straight, hit it solid, give yourself chances
• Aimed for the fat parts of greens instead of chasing pins
• Let her putting do the talking after hitting safe targets
• As she said, “Everyone was chasing me today, and managed to maintain the lead and played really nicely down the stretch and hit a lot of good shots”
Why most golfers mess this up:
• They see a pin tucked behind a bunker and grab one more club to “go right at it”
• Distance becomes more important than accuracy
• They try to be heroic instead of smart
ACTION ITEM: For your next 10 rounds, aim for the center of every green regardless of pin position. Track your greens in regulation and watch your scores drop before your swing changes.
The Putter That Stayed Cool Under Fire
Woad started the final round two shots clear and immediately applied pressure with birdies at the 2nd and 3rd holes. When South Korea’s Hyo Joo Kim mounted a charge and reached 20-under with a birdie at the 14th, Woad didn’t panic.
How she responded to pressure:
• Fired back with consecutive birdies at the 13th and 14th
• Watched Kim stumble with back-to-back bogeys
• Capped it with her fifth birdie of the day at the par-5 18th
• Stayed patient when others pressed, pressed when others cracked
What amateurs do wrong:
• Get conservative when they should be aggressive
• Try to force magic when steady play would win
• Panic when someone else makes a move
ACTION ITEM: Practice your 3-6 foot putts for 15 minutes after every range session. Woad’s putting wasn’t spectacular—it was reliable. Make the putts you should make.
Course Management 101: Play Your Game, Not the Course’s Game
Woad admitted she couldn’t see many scoreboards during the final round, but it didn’t matter. She stuck to her game plan regardless of what others were doing.
Her mental approach:
• Focused on her process, not the competition
• Drew on past pressure situations (Augusta National Women’s Amateur win)
• As she said, “That was the biggest tournament I played in at the time and was kind of my big win. So definitely felt the pressure of it more there, and I felt like all those experiences helped me with this”
Her physical execution:
• 270-yard drives (nothing flashy)
• Methodical iron play
• Steady putting
• Everything effective, nothing spectacular
ACTION ITEM: Create a yardage book for your home course. Know your distances to every pin, every hazard, every landing area. Stick to your plan no matter what your playing partners are doing.
Mental Toughness Isn’t Born, It’s Built
The most impressive part of Woad’s win? She genuinely didn’t expect it: “I definitely wasn’t expecting to win my first event as a pro, but I knew I was playing well, and I was hoping to contend.”
Her winning mindset:
• Didn’t put winning pressure on herself
• Focused on playing well and contending
• Made winning a byproduct of a good process
• Built confidence through recent experiences:
- Won the Women’s Irish Open as an amateur
- Missed a playoff by one shot at the Evian Championship
- Each experience prepared her for the next
What this means for you:
• Stop trying to shoot career rounds every time you tee up
• Focus on executing your pre-shot routine
• Commit to every shot
• Stay present in the moment
ACTION ITEM: Before each round, set process goals instead of score goals. Example: “I will take three practice swings before every shot” or “I will pick a specific target for every shot.” Let your score be the result, not the focus.
The Real Lesson
Woad collected $300,000 for her first professional victory, but the real prize was proving that fundamentals still work at golf’s highest level. She didn’t reinvent the game — she simply executed the basics better than everyone else that week.
The fundamentals that won:
• Hit more fairways
• Find more greens
• Make the putts you should make
• Stay patient under pressure
That’s something every golfer can do, regardless of handicap. Lottie Woad just showed us it’s still the winning formula.
FINAL ACTION ITEM: Pick one of the four action items above and commit to it for the next month. Master one fundamental before moving to the next. That’s how champions are built.
PGA Professional Brendon Elliott is an award-winning coach and golf writer. You can check out his writing work and learn more about him by visiting BEAGOLFER.golf and OneMoreRollGolf.com. Also, check out “The Starter” on RG.org each Monday.
Editor’s note: Brendon shares his nearly 30 years of experience in the game with GolfWRX readers through his ongoing tip series. He looks forward to providing valuable insights and advice to help golfers improve their game. Stay tuned for more Tips!
Dave R
Nov 19, 2016 at 8:12 pm
Thanks Dale good read makes sense .
SV
Nov 18, 2016 at 9:05 am
What I would like to know is how to play a bunker shot when there is “no” sand in the bunker; the type where it feels like there is sand and when you swing the club hits concrete. How do you determine this and how do you play it?
Dale Doback
Nov 19, 2016 at 11:48 am
I get this type of bunker a lot in Palm Springs especially out of season when courses do minimal maintenance after the snowbirds leave. The best way to check what lies beneath the surface is digging in your feet and feeling the resistance and seeing how deep your feet settle in when you build your stance. That’s also a good time to check the sand density and wetness or dryness below the surface. Any wetness in the sand will cause the club to bounce more. Once the concrete is suspected beneath the ball there are a couple options. assuming your normal bunker technique will bounce into the ball from what you described in your post the reason is it’s to shallow of a path bottoming out to soon behind the ball and the club is simply doing what it was designed to do. I have found moving the ball back in my stance a little allows me to drive down and under the ball and I also square up the face. Not necessarily totally square it depends on the lie and the trajectory needed for the shot. If you have to get the ball to spin and need more trajectory because you have little room to the pin then what I do is keep the ball back about 1 ball width in my stance, open the face about 45 degrees depending on surface texture. I get a little more weight on my front foot and keep it there about 80/20 because I want to get steeper with my path. My normal strike is about 2.5 to 3 inches from the ball with the face open and firm sand, I now have to about 1 to 1.5 inches behind the driving the open face under the ball before the bounce kicks the club back up. This shot is very dangerous. I hope I explained that well. The under lying concrete bunker gave me the yips for a couple years when I first moved to the desert from washingtons soft fluffy sand bunkers.