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Opinion & Analysis

The 4 Biggest Myths About Biomechanics

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golf biomechanics

So what’s the point of biomechanics anyways?

It seems that I hear more negative comments about this word “biomechanics” than positive. “It’s making golf too complicated” is what I hear most. I have to admit that I thought this for a long time myself, but when I dived into the subject and started talking with actual “biomechanists” (PhDs doing the research) and coaches who have a deep understanding of the concepts, things started to change for me.

I realized no one had actually explained to me what biomechanics was or how we should look at it. Now, I’m excited to dive into the topic and help spread the word about what’s actually going on. To that end, let’s break down the 4 biggest myths about biomechanics so we can separate fact from fiction.

Myth #1: It’s a Method or Model of Teaching Golf

First, let’s define what biomechanics is so we’re all on the same page. It’s “the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of mechanics.”

What I’ve picked up when talking with biomechanists is that they’re trying to figure out WHAT’S going on and WHY with golfers. It’s not about one method of swinging the golf club or finding people with some perfect metrics; it’s a study of a topic just like anything else in the world. And in their study, biomechanists are observing tremendous variability among golfers, regardless of skill level.

“What we’re finding is a lot of variability even if we have really good players,” says Dr. Scott Lynn.

Biomechanics isn’t just a term that’s related to golf. In fact, there are biomechanists that work in other sports like gymnastics, track and field and in the medical arena. You’ll find that most biomechanists who work in golf also do research in other sports and arenas.

Myth #2: It Makes Things More Complicated

Does biomechanics make golf instruction more complicated? It might seem that way if you’re looking at the data and some of the scientific papers for the first time. There are a lot of measurements, theories and concepts to learn, and there’s no question they can be overwhelming at first.

The best instructors I know have invested a lot of time educating themselves on biomechanics because they say it helps them make SMARTER decisions and communicate with more SIMPLICITY to their students.

“It just helps me to get there quicker,” says Top-100 Instructor John Dunigan of his study of biomechanics.

When you look up the word biomechanics you’ll find two goals. The first is to improve PERFORMANCE; the second is to avoid the risk of INJURY. To do that, there are two fields that are being looked at in biomechanics: kinetics and kinematics.

“Kinetics” is the study of forces that produce motion. A force is happening anytime two things come in contact (your hand on the club, your feet on the ground). There are three forces that act on the golf club during the swing: gravity, air resistance and the forces that the golfer applies to the grip with their hands. The last one, the forces the golfer applies to club, are by far and away are the major determinants of how the club moves.

The second area of study is “kinematics,” which examines actual motion without regard to the forces producing it. Anything that looks at movement is going to be related to kinematics, and this is what we’ve spent most of our time talking about in the golf world over the years. One aspect of kinematics you might have heard of is the kinematic sequence, which shows rotational velocities of different body segments. Using this data, we can learn to optimize efficiency and produce more power.

Myth #3: It’s All Graphs and Numbers

When you measure a golf swing and look at what’s going on you get a lot of numbers, graphs and data, but biomechanics isn’t just data. It’s not just motion-capture info or a pressure-mat reading. Biomechanics is looking at what those numbers mean and their influence on people and their movement patterns.

Without great tools to measure and assess the coaching, the training and study of biomechanics will always be limited. In fact, it’s because of the new technologies and new measurement devices that the study of biomechanics has been able to grow.

The goal of any instructor is to take all the data and make a smarter decision. Ultimately, a golfer has to get feedback in a way that allows them to make a meaningful change. That might be a certain swing “feel” from a biofeedback device like K-Vest or a swing thought about weight shift from a pressure mat like BodiTrak. At the end of the day, the numbers are observational tools that can establish baselines to help golfers and golf instructors make meaningful and quantifiable changes.

Besides looking to improve performance, biomechanics also attempts to help reduce the risk of injury. This aspect is definitely difficult to look at and follow through with in the real world. Telling players to reduce their performance potential to decrease likelihood of injuries is a line most players aren’t willing to cross.

“There’re just so many factors that go into injury,” says Dr. Sasho Mackenzie, a top expert in the field of biomechanics. “It’s subjective to the individual in terms of their body’s tissues ability to repair itself, to sustain multiple repeated forces over and over again. It becomes really, really challenging to predict…”

Myth #4: I’m just trying to break 90. Does it really matter?

A lot of people ask if they should get fit for clubs if they’re not an elite golfer, and the answer is typically going to be a resounding “yes” from any coach or instructor. The same is true for biomechanics.

Wouldn’t you want to have an instructor or coach with knowledge of how the body and swing works? Someone’s whose studied the best science and research and can make better decisions about what path to take you down?

Again, biomechanics is not about swinging the club in a specific way. The goal is to help you improve your performance as quickly as possible while reducing the chance of injury. That’s beneficial to any level of player.

So, what’s the future for biomechanics in golf?

The future is bright for biomechanics. As technology improves, it’s only going to be easier to capture more data and analyze what’s really going on and why in the golf swing.

“I think we’re still in our infancy,” says Dr. Phil Cheetham. “I mean, there are a million things we can look at and man, it’s a fun time right now.”

The biggest shift is going to be golf instructors taking their education seriously and understanding the topic so well that they improve their communication and decision making when working with golfers.

If you’re interested in learning more, over at the Golf Science Lab we’re spending the next few months diving into biomechanics and making it as simple and understandable as possible. Check out the podcast here.

Cordie has spent the last four years working with golf instructors, helping inform thousands on business and teaching best practices (if you're a coach or instructor check out http://golfinthelifeof.com/). Through that he's realized that it's time for the way golf is taught to be changed. When looking at research and talking with coaches and academics, he's launched the Golf Science Golf Science Lab , a website and audio documentary-style podcast focused on documenting what's really going on in learning and playing better golf.

20 Comments

20 Comments

  1. Bob Pegram

    Apr 24, 2017 at 3:58 am

    K-Vest does help, in certain circumstances, reduce the likelihood of future injury, but only when used by a highly trained professional or clubfitter. Titleist does the training for injury prevention and for swing efficiency. They are separate training. In other words, somebody trained in one may not be trained in the other one.

  2. Bob Pegram

    Apr 24, 2017 at 3:53 am

    All that matters is what any swing changes do in the hitting zone. As long as the changes don’t increase the likelihood of injury, or, better yet, reduce them, the path, speed, and aim of the head at impact are what matter.
    Do machines that measure this part of the swing help? Yes, but the teacher needs to explain why angle of attack, inside-out or outside in swing path, and face angle are important. He also needs to explain how any swing mistakes affect these.

  3. Smiller

    Apr 19, 2017 at 11:36 pm

    When I try to lean my shaft properly I cannot feel the pressure. Am I doing something wrong? I am thinking my shaft is not quite stiff enough.

  4. Ron

    Apr 13, 2017 at 10:31 pm

    While its good to gather different information or opinions, a good teacher adapts to the student rather than force the student into a hard set of guidelines and structured teachings.

    • Jim

      Apr 14, 2017 at 3:54 pm

      There’s a thousand miles between those two statements….Adapt to the student? At what point? When they can break 100 or 80. Maybe 1 out of a thousand who comes in a ridiculous set up, grip is breaking 90 and they’re stuck. They’ll never break that plateau – unless like a junkie or alcoholic they admit there’s a problem they can’t fix themselves and make the changes necessary to get better. Period. You can’t polish a 15 year shitty golf swing for someone to finally drop 15 shots and break 80….BUT that’s not saying there’s always the special few already playing & scoring really well with some pretty ugly moves….

      But, they’re generally happy and don’t take lessons…..NOW, if one starts really hurting his back and seeks my help to fix it, I can identify what he’s doing poorly that’s increasing the stress on the back and show him how to fix it….THAT’S NOT A ‘HARD SET’ of guidelines… What you are describing is someone teaching their swing method or philosophy. Good / bad biomechanics are just that and only that. You’re either moving efficently and maximizing the body’s effforts for the task at hand – or not.

      Come to me for help, you’ll get 110%. Refuse to change something I absolutely know is screwing up your ability to do the next move or stop the pain?

      Go away – I can’t fix stupid, and odds are you’re no Jim Furyk

  5. larrybud

    Apr 13, 2017 at 10:09 pm

    Like anything else in golf instruction, the information is only as good as the instructor. The study of biomechanics is certainly not bad in and of itself, but how that information is used. Same goes with things like video and launch monitor data. It’s just information.

    However, when sequencing charts are misunderstood, or when instructors don’t understand camera angles and parallax errors, or when they go chasing launch monitor numbers, you’re going to be in a world of hurt.

    BTW, #2 certainly isn’t a myth in the hands of a bad instructor, or even with a good instructor but with a student who doesn’t learn using technical information. If you’re blathering about spine angle, P3, P4, Px, or smash factor to a student who doesn’t care and doesn’t want to know about that, then you’re teaching incorrectly for that particular student.

  6. Forthewin!!

    Apr 12, 2017 at 11:28 pm

    Learning the concept can help your current swing. The hardest part is getting all the info to slowly become a natural part of your swing. I think the key is to not try and become a different golfer, but use the knowledge to enhance your current athletic ability.

  7. Progolfer

    Apr 12, 2017 at 9:54 pm

    I worked with a bio-mechanical coach, and unfortunately, the “myths” were realities. My game never got so bad, and I developed aches and pains. All the while, he kept telling me to stick with it. I won’t name him, but he is one of the sought-out bio-mechanical coaches in the country. Don’t waste your time or money trying it!!

  8. Nathan

    Apr 12, 2017 at 4:55 pm

    Golf bio-mechanics is unfortunately a joke at this point.

    Bio-mechanics are just analyzing the ‘effects’ without getting to the ’cause’.

    Tiger is with a bio-mechanic and can’t keep Tiger from getting stuck.

    Obviously Como’s bio-mechanical ‘knowledge’ is not effective or worse…

  9. Jack

    Apr 12, 2017 at 2:30 pm

    There is a “tremendous variability among golfers, regardless of skill level”? You need to read “Swing like a Pro: The Breakthrough Scientific Method of Perfecting Your Golf Swing” co-authored by Dr. Ralph Mann and Fred Griffin. They found there is hardly any variability among the swings of professional golfers. Dr. Mann is a former Olympic hurdler who has a Ph.D in Biomechanics. Griffin is a golf professional. I think I’ll stick with their findings.

  10. cgasucks

    Apr 12, 2017 at 11:59 am

    Butch Harmon said himself he doesn’t know what biomechanics even is and he seems to have an ok career as the coach. His record speaks for itself.

  11. david

    Apr 12, 2017 at 11:52 am

    I would take Harvey Penick as a teacher any day of the century over technical/biomechanical teachers such as Leadbetter or Sean Foley. I’ve watched their teachings and get dumfounded.

  12. Steve S

    Apr 12, 2017 at 10:00 am

    I’m all for using biomechanics in golf. Just like I think using physics in analyzing the golf swing has resulted in the exploding of myths about the golf swing. However, both need to be applied by people well versed in the subject. That ain’t happening with your typical golf coach. Any PhD and MD versed in biomechanics is not going to come cheap.

  13. ooffa

    Apr 12, 2017 at 9:03 am

    Nothing can replace feel.

    • Jalan

      Apr 12, 2017 at 9:19 am

      Can’t agree with that. I can ‘feel’ as though I made certain moves in the golf swing, yet when I see a video of that swing, I find I did not do what I felt. That doesn’t mean it was a bad swing, it means it wasn’t executed the way if ‘felt’.

    • bver

      Apr 12, 2017 at 9:53 am

      Really? You can “feel” that you’re reverse pivoting and over rotating? I’ve given thousands of lessons, and I can tell you that nobody can “feel” what they’re actually doing.

    • Mower

      Apr 12, 2017 at 11:35 am

      Well, you know the saying, “Feel & Real are two different things.”

      • Andrew Cooper

        Apr 12, 2017 at 12:42 pm

        The feel is always real, it just may not match up with the visual.

    • larrybud

      Apr 13, 2017 at 10:04 pm

      Rarely does a player feel what is real.

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Opinion & Analysis

The 2 primary challenges golf equipment companies face

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As the editor-in-chief of this website and an observer of the GolfWRX forums and other online golf equipment discourse for over a decade, I’m pretty well attuned to the grunts and grumbles of a significant portion of the golf equipment purchasing spectrum. And before you accuse me of lording above all in some digital ivory tower, I’d like to offer that I worked at golf courses (public and private) for years prior to picking up my pen, so I’m well-versed in the non-degenerate golf equipment consumers out there. I touched (green)grass (retail)!

Complaints about the ills of and related to the OEMs usually follow some version of: Product cycles are too short for real innovation, tour equipment isn’t the same as retail (which is largely not true, by the way), too much is invested in marketing and not enough in R&D, top staffer X hasn’t even put the new driver in play, so it’s obviously not superior to the previous generation, prices are too high, and on and on.

Without digging into the merits of any of these claims, which I believe are mostly red herrings, I’d like to bring into view of our rangefinder what I believe to be the two primary difficulties golf equipment companies face.

One: As Terry Koehler, back when he was the CEO of Ben Hogan, told me at the time of the Ft Worth irons launch, if you can’t regularly hit the golf ball in a coin-sized area in the middle of the face, there’s not a ton that iron technology can do for you. Now, this is less true now with respect to irons than when he said it, and is less and less true by degrees as the clubs get larger (utilities, fairways, hybrids, drivers), but there remains a great deal of golf equipment truth in that statement. Think about it — which is to say, in TL;DR fashion, get lessons from a qualified instructor who will teach you about the fundamentals of repeatable impact and how the golf swing works, not just offer band-aid fixes. If you can’t repeatably deliver the golf club to the golf ball in something resembling the manner it was designed for, how can you expect to be getting the most out of the club — put another way, the maximum value from your investment?

Similarly, game improvement equipment can only improve your game if you game it. In other words, get fit for the clubs you ought to be playing rather than filling the bag with the ones you wish you could hit or used to be able to hit. Of course, don’t do this if you don’t care about performance and just want to hit a forged blade while playing off an 18 handicap. That’s absolutely fine. There were plenty of members in clubs back in the day playing Hogan Apex or Mizuno MP-32 irons who had no business doing so from a ballstriking standpoint, but they enjoyed their look, feel, and complementary qualities to their Gatsby hats and cashmere sweaters. Do what brings you a measure of joy in this maddening game.

Now, the second issue. This is not a plea for non-conforming equipment; rather, it is a statement of fact. USGA/R&A limits on every facet of golf equipment are detrimental to golf equipment manufacturers. Sure, you know this, but do you think about it as it applies to almost every element of equipment? A 500cc driver would be inherently more forgiving than a 460cc, as one with a COR measurement in excess of 0.83. 50-inch shafts. Box grooves. And on and on.

Would fewer regulations be objectively bad for the game? Would this erode its soul? Fortunately, that’s beside the point of this exercise, which is merely to point out the facts. The fact, in this case, is that equipment restrictions and regulations are the slaughterbench of an abundance of innovation in the golf equipment space. Is this for the best? Well, now I’ve asked the question twice and might as well give a partial response, I guess my answer to that would be, “It depends on what type of golf you’re playing and who you’re playing it with.”

For my part, I don’t mind embarrassing myself with vintage blades and persimmons chasing after the quasi-spiritual elevation of a well-struck shot, but that’s just me. Plenty of folks don’t give a damn if their grooves are conforming. Plenty of folks think the folks in Liberty Corner ought to add a prison to the museum for such offences. And those are just a few of the considerations for the amateur game — which doesn’t get inside the gallery ropes of the pro game…

Different strokes in the game of golf, in my humble opinion.

Anyway, I believe equipment company engineers are genuinely trying to build better equipment year over year. The marketing departments are trying to find ways to make this equipment appeal to the broadest segment of the golf market possible. All of this against (1) the backdrop of — at least for now — firm product cycles. And golfers who, with their ~15 average handicap (men), for the most part, are not striping the golf ball like Tiger in his prime and seem to have less and less time year over year to practice and improve. (2) Regulations that massively restrict what they’re able to do…

That’s the landscape as I see it and the real headwinds for golf equipment companies. No doubt, there’s more I haven’t considered, but I think the previous is a better — and better faith — point of departure when formulating any serious commentary on the golf equipment world than some of the more cynical and conspiratorial takes I hear.

Agree? Disagree? Think I’m worthy of an Adam Hadwin-esque security guard tackle? Let me know in the comments.

@golfoncbs The infamous Adam Hadwin tackle ? #golf #fyp #canada #pgatour #adamhadwin ? Ghibli-style nostalgic waltz – MaSssuguMusic

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Podcasts

Fore Love of Golf: Introducing a new club concept

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Episode #16 brings us Cliff McKinney. Cliff is the founder of Old Charlie Golf Club, a new club, and concept, to be built in the Florida panhandle. The model is quite interesting and aims to make great, private golf more affordable. We hope you enjoy the show!

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Opinion & Analysis

On Scottie Scheffler wondering ‘What’s the point of winning?’

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Last week, I came across a reel from BBC Sport on Instagram featuring Scottie Scheffler speaking to the media ahead of The Open at Royal Portrush. In it, he shared that he often wonders what the point is of wanting to win tournaments so badly — especially when he knows, deep down, that it doesn’t lead to a truly fulfilling life.

 

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“Is it great to be able to win tournaments and to accomplish the things I have in the game of golf? Yeah, it brings tears to my eyes just to think about it because I’ve literally worked my entire life to be good at this sport,” Scheffler said. “To have that kind of sense of accomplishment, I think, is a pretty cool feeling. To get to live out your dreams is very special, but at the end of the day, I’m not out here to inspire the next generation of golfers. I’m not out here to inspire someone to be the best player in the world, because what’s the point?”

Ironically — or perhaps perfectly — he went on to win the claret jug.

That question — what’s the point of winning? — cuts straight to the heart of the human journey.

As someone who’s spent over two decades in the trenches of professional golf, and in deep study of the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the game, I see Scottie’s inner conflict as a sign of soul evolution in motion.

I came to golf late. I wasn’t a junior standout or college All-American. At 27, I left a steady corporate job to see if I could be on the PGA Tour starting as a 14-handicap, average-length hitter. Over the years, my journey has been defined less by trophies and more by the relentless effort to navigate the deeply inequitable and gated system of professional golf — an effort that ultimately turned inward and helped me evolve as both a golfer and a person.

One perspective that helped me make sense of this inner dissonance around competition and our culture’s tendency to overvalue winning is the idea of soul evolution.

The University of Virginia’s Division of Perceptual Studies has done extensive research on reincarnation, and Netflix’s Surviving Death (Episode 6) explores the topic, too. Whether you take it literally or metaphorically, the idea that we’re on a long arc of growth — from beginner to sage elder — offers a profound perspective.

If you accept the premise literally, then terms like “young soul” and “old soul” start to hold meaning. However, even if we set the word “soul” aside, it’s easy to see that different levels of life experience produce different worldviews.

Newer souls — or people in earlier stages of their development — may be curious and kind but still lack discernment or depth. There is a naivety, and they don’t yet question as deeply, tending to see things in black and white, partly because certainty feels safer than confronting the unknown.

As we gain more experience, we begin to experiment. We test limits. We chase extreme external goals — sometimes at the expense of health, relationships, or inner peace — still operating from hunger, ambition, and the fragility of the ego.

It’s a necessary stage, but often a turbulent and unfulfilling one.

David Duval fell off the map after reaching World No. 1. Bubba Watson had his own “Is this it?” moment with his caddie, Ted Scott, after winning the Masters.

In Aaron Rodgers: Enigma, reflecting on his 2011 Super Bowl win, Rodgers said:

“Now I’ve accomplished the only thing that I really, really wanted to do in my life. Now what? I was like, ‘Did I aim at the wrong thing? Did I spend too much time thinking about stuff that ultimately doesn’t give you true happiness?’”

Jim Carrey once said, “I think everybody should get rich and famous and do everything they ever dreamed of so they can see that it’s not the answer.”

Eventually, though, something shifts.

We begin to see in shades of gray. Winning, dominating, accumulating—these pursuits lose their shine. The rewards feel more fleeting. Living in a constant state of fight-or-flight makes us feel alive, yes, but not happy and joyful.

Compassion begins to replace ambition. Love, presence, and gratitude become more fulfilling than status, profits, or trophies. We crave balance over burnout. Collaboration over competition. Meaning over metrics.

Interestingly, if we zoom out, we can apply this same model to nations and cultures. Countries, like people, have a collective “soul stage” made up of the individuals within them.

Take the United States, for example. I’d place it as a mid-level soul: highly competitive and deeply driven, but still learning emotional maturity. Still uncomfortable with nuance. Still believing that more is always better. Despite its global wins, the U.S. currently ranks just 23rd in happiness (as of 2025). You might liken it to a gifted teenager—bold, eager, and ambitious, but angsty and still figuring out how to live well and in balance. As much as a parent wants to protect their child, sometimes the child has to make their own mistakes to truly grow.

So when Scottie Scheffler wonders what the point of winning is, I don’t see someone losing strength.

I see someone evolving.

He’s beginning to look beyond the leaderboard. Beyond metrics of success that carry a lower vibration. And yet, in a poetic twist, Scheffler did go on to win The Open. But that only reinforces the point: even at the pinnacle, the question remains. And if more of us in the golf and sports world — and in U.S. culture at large — started asking similar questions, we might discover that the more meaningful trophy isn’t about accumulating or beating others at all costs.

It’s about awakening and evolving to something more than winning could ever promise.

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