Opinion & Analysis
Korea’s answer to help grow the game

When the golfing world was first introduced to Mark Broadie’s Strokes Gained Index (SGI) in 2011, it forever changed the way we look at the game. In direct contrast to legendary Bobby Locke’s iconic phrase “drive for show, putt for dough,” the new method showed that driving the ball well was actually the bigger factor in lowering scores.
At first, I recall thinking that it couldn’t be right. After all, the longest drive and the shortest putt each count the same one stroke, right? But then again, where are you more likely to make a birdie from if your ball is 50 yards and 150 yards from the pin, respectively?

Should the new saying be “Putt for show, Drive for dough?”
Even before Broadie’s method showed the advantages of longer drives, nearly all club and ball manufacturers have been focused on marketing distance. In response, many golf courses tried to lengthen the course to keep the game challenging. But no matter how long golf courses became, long bombers like Bryson and Dustin continued to make short work of them reaching “monstrous” par 5s in two with an 8- iron. It was only a matter of time before golf’s governing bodies declared that things had gone too far.
- Related: Golf in Korea during COVID-19
I understand where the USGA is coming from. But surely there are other ways to make professional golf more challenging than limiting golf ball distance for everyone. After all, why penalize average Joes like me who can barely drive 250? Instead, let’s make the course set up more difficult for professional tournaments and let the rest of us continue our valiant struggle with all the help we can get.
With all the heated online arguments for and against USGA’s stance on distance, however, I found it odd that it has never been an issue here in Korea. In fact, whenever I tried to discuss the topic and how it's dividing golfers in the West, no one here seemed to bat an eye. I too soon came to dismiss it as a non-issue, but after subconsciously mulling about it for a while, I came up with an interesting theory.
Could it be that the courses here are already hard enough without having to add extra sandbags around our ankles?

Flat land for building a golf course is rare in Korea
To be sure, I’m not trying to compare Korean courses to beasts like Bethpage Black or Whistling straits. However, it is my contention that most Korean courses have very narrow fairways and an over-abundance of penalty areas in comparison to their Western counterparts. As such, Korean courses support my claim that difficult setups can make the game plenty challenging without limiting equipment distance. Plus, some of the course features and local rules here also act to help grow the game by speeding up play considerably.
Size Matters
To give you some perspective on size, South Korea is a small peninsula about the size of Indiana with mountains covering 70 percent of the country. As a result, the majority of 550+ golf courses here are carved out on top or steep sides of mountains. A typical golf hole here features a hill along one side of the hole and a steep drop-off on the other side. So if a tee shot happens to stray a little off the narrow fairway, the ball is usually declared to be out of bounds or lost.
When I first began playing here in 2001, my first impression was that the courses seemed relatively short and easy. Back in Canada, if a tee shot strays onto the adjacent hole or under a tree, it would simply make for a fun and challenging attempt to scramble for par, right? Nope. Not here. Uh-uh. With almost every hole lined on both sides with OB or hazard stakes, I realized quickly that golf here required a very different approach than what I was used to.

Most of Korea’s 550+ golf courses are carved on top or sides of mountains.
At first, there seemed to be no reason or rhyme as to why the courses had so many penalty areas. In particular, what frustrated me most was having an easy wedge over relatively short trees from an adjacent hole; only to be told it was out of bounds. What good is the ability to pull off amazing Seve-esque recovery shots if I’m not even given a chance to attempt them in the first place?

Easy 9 iron to the green? Nope. OB for D-bogey or worse.
Inevitably, I soon developed a severe case of the driver yips in trying to keep my ball in play. No matter how I tried, every round would have at least two or three balls out of bounds. My handicap quickly grew from being a toddler to the legal drinking age, and my foursome began to doubt I had ever broken 80 before. Likewise, my preference for long-distance quickly took a backseat in favor of accurate shot-making.
To be sure, I’m not suggesting a dozen new penalty areas be added or your golf courses are built on the sides of mountains. I’m just saying that before any definitive decision is made on the equipment side of golf, I hope the powers that be can first explore diverse course setups at iconic tournament courses to challenge the best players in the world. After all, there are so many more amateur golfers than professionals, and we certainly need all the help we can get.

Just your typical tee shot with 90 meter drop, OB on both sides to a sloping fairway. No pressure.
Course setup to grow the game?
Aside from an abundance of OB stakes, Korean courses also have several features and local rules which may baffle newcomers. Even though some of them may not be welcomed in all parts of the world, and are certainly not practiced for pro tournament play here, they have undeniably helped the game grow in Korea by speeding up play immensely.

OB tees to save time and ego.
Your home course probably has a drop area on par 3s where hazards come into play. The same applies here but with one big difference in that, we also have a designated drop area for par 4s and par 5s. You see, when a tee shot’s fate is in question, amateur golfers are urged to play from a special set of tees 220~250 yards ahead. So, rather than playing a provisional ball, the golfer would be playing their 3rd or 4th shot from these forward tees, depending on whether the ball landed in a
hazard or out of bounds.
Although it took a bit of getting used to, I have found this common local rule to help in two ways here. One, it speeds up the pace of play considerably; and two, it helps to preserve the sanity of golfers from having to re-tee with the potential to hit multiple balls out of bounds.

Not gonna lie. These look great with hard breaking downhill putts.
I can’t recall if I’ve ever encountered an actual gimme circle back when growing up in Canada, but more often than not, golfers here will see a circle drawn around the hole cup ranging in radius from 1~1.5m. The obvious intent is that if the ball ends up inside the circle, the next putt is considered a gimme, and the golfer can pick up the ball. At the start of a round, the foursome can decide whether they will put the circle in play or hole out each time.
For the purist, the length of the gimme circle may seem absurd, but I can attest that it does wonders for one’s ego and score, and keeps arguments to a minimum. Of course, it also helps to speed up play.

Notice something with the first and last holes too? That’s for another time.
Another aspect of golf that may raise some eyebrows out there is our concept of “double par”. It is common practice here for strokes to be counted only up to double the par of the hole played. For example, the maximum score on a par 3 would be a triple, a quadruple for a par 4, and a quintuple bogey for a par 5.
So even if you were to dunk three balls at the treacherous 17th hole at Sawgrass, the maximum score would be a six (provided that the course was in Korea). Wild stuff, huh? Can you imagine how many pros would love to settle for a triple at that hole during the Players Championship this year?
Again, the main idea for this practice is to speed up play, save some golf balls, and keep one’s handicap comfortably vague for sandbagging purposes.

Carts prevent cardiac arrest.
Last but not least, over 90% of Korea’s public and private courses require golfers to ride a 5-person power cart and employ a caddie with the cost shared among the foursome. What if one doesn't want to ride a cart, or use the services of a caddie?
Unfortunately, it is not a choice at these courses but there are some darn good reasons too.
First, the mountainous topography of Korean courses makes it incredibly hard to walk and play18 holes. The distance between holes can literally be a mile over incredibly steep hills or winding paths down a side of a mountain. So unless you are training for the Iron Man triathlon, there is no shame in riding the cart here. Even for a professional tournament, I understand that special measures are taken to protect the players and caddies in case such a course is played.

Super caddie in action. Not only does she memorize who uses which clubs and wedges for what
shots, she carries up to 12 clubs at a time for your convenience. Bravo.
Caddies also play a pivotal role in Korean golf culture. Usually, a lone caddie is assigned to a foursome at the start of the round. They driving the cart, cleaning and fetching clubs for all four players, explaining the layout and potential dangers at each hole, and providing yardages, and reading the greens.
It is not an easy task to say the least, but that’s not nearly all. The caddies are also responsible for the safety of the golfers while on the course, and to ensure that the pace of play is maintained in a polite and professional manner (I’m sure they were the most ecstatic when the rule to tend the pin was eliminated). Without a doubt, the caddies here are the true unsung heroes behind the recent growth spurt of golf in Korea. If it were not for them, I know that most of us would be either lost on course
or stuck behind first-timers struggling to play 18 under 6-hours. They deserve every penny they earn.
So there you have it. If speeding up play really helps to grow the game of golf, then the local rules that I have described above will definitely make a difference.
Which one would you be willing to try? Which ones will you fight to your dying breath as a golfer? Please comment below!
For a detailed look at a round of Korean style golf, check out my previous article: “A typical day of Korean golf, Gangnam style”
Opinion & Analysis
The 2 primary challenges golf equipment companies face

As the editor-in-chief of this website and an observer of the GolfWRX forums and other online golf equipment discourse for over a decade, I’m pretty well attuned to the grunts and grumbles of a significant portion of the golf equipment purchasing spectrum. And before you accuse me of lording above all in some digital ivory tower, I’d like to offer that I worked at golf courses (public and private) for years prior to picking up my pen, so I’m well-versed in the non-degenerate golf equipment consumers out there. I touched (green)grass (retail)!
Complaints about the ills of and related to the OEMs usually follow some version of: Product cycles are too short for real innovation, tour equipment isn’t the same as retail (which is largely not true, by the way), too much is invested in marketing and not enough in R&D, top staffer X hasn’t even put the new driver in play, so it’s obviously not superior to the previous generation, prices are too high, and on and on.
Without digging into the merits of any of these claims, which I believe are mostly red herrings, I’d like to bring into view of our rangefinder what I believe to be the two primary difficulties golf equipment companies face.
One: As Terry Koehler, back when he was the CEO of Ben Hogan, told me at the time of the Ft Worth irons launch, if you can’t regularly hit the golf ball in a coin-sized area in the middle of the face, there’s not a ton that iron technology can do for you. Now, this is less true now with respect to irons than when he said it, and is less and less true by degrees as the clubs get larger (utilities, fairways, hybrids, drivers), but there remains a great deal of golf equipment truth in that statement. Think about it — which is to say, in TL;DR fashion, get lessons from a qualified instructor who will teach you about the fundamentals of repeatable impact and how the golf swing works, not just offer band-aid fixes. If you can’t repeatably deliver the golf club to the golf ball in something resembling the manner it was designed for, how can you expect to be getting the most out of the club — put another way, the maximum value from your investment?
Similarly, game improvement equipment can only improve your game if you game it. In other words, get fit for the clubs you ought to be playing rather than filling the bag with the ones you wish you could hit or used to be able to hit. Of course, don’t do this if you don’t care about performance and just want to hit a forged blade while playing off an 18 handicap. That’s absolutely fine. There were plenty of members in clubs back in the day playing Hogan Apex or Mizuno MP-32 irons who had no business doing so from a ballstriking standpoint, but they enjoyed their look, feel, and complementary qualities to their Gatsby hats and cashmere sweaters. Do what brings you a measure of joy in this maddening game.
Now, the second issue. This is not a plea for non-conforming equipment; rather, it is a statement of fact. USGA/R&A limits on every facet of golf equipment are detrimental to golf equipment manufacturers. Sure, you know this, but do you think about it as it applies to almost every element of equipment? A 500cc driver would be inherently more forgiving than a 460cc, as one with a COR measurement in excess of 0.83. 50-inch shafts. Box grooves. And on and on.
Would fewer regulations be objectively bad for the game? Would this erode its soul? Fortunately, that’s beside the point of this exercise, which is merely to point out the facts. The fact, in this case, is that equipment restrictions and regulations are the slaughterbench of an abundance of innovation in the golf equipment space. Is this for the best? Well, now I’ve asked the question twice and might as well give a partial response, I guess my answer to that would be, “It depends on what type of golf you’re playing and who you’re playing it with.”
For my part, I don’t mind embarrassing myself with vintage blades and persimmons chasing after the quasi-spiritual elevation of a well-struck shot, but that’s just me. Plenty of folks don’t give a damn if their grooves are conforming. Plenty of folks think the folks in Liberty Corner ought to add a prison to the museum for such offences. And those are just a few of the considerations for the amateur game — which doesn’t get inside the gallery ropes of the pro game…
Different strokes in the game of golf, in my humble opinion.
Anyway, I believe equipment company engineers are genuinely trying to build better equipment year over year. The marketing departments are trying to find ways to make this equipment appeal to the broadest segment of the golf market possible. All of this against (1) the backdrop of — at least for now — firm product cycles. And golfers who, with their ~15 average handicap (men), for the most part, are not striping the golf ball like Tiger in his prime and seem to have less and less time year over year to practice and improve. (2) Regulations that massively restrict what they’re able to do…
That’s the landscape as I see it and the real headwinds for golf equipment companies. No doubt, there’s more I haven’t considered, but I think the previous is a better — and better faith — point of departure when formulating any serious commentary on the golf equipment world than some of the more cynical and conspiratorial takes I hear.
Agree? Disagree? Think I’m worthy of an Adam Hadwin-esque security guard tackle? Let me know in the comments.
@golfoncbs The infamous Adam Hadwin tackle ? #golf #fyp #canada #pgatour #adamhadwin ? Ghibli-style nostalgic waltz – MaSssuguMusic
Podcasts
Fore Love of Golf: Introducing a new club concept

Episode #16 brings us Cliff McKinney. Cliff is the founder of Old Charlie Golf Club, a new club, and concept, to be built in the Florida panhandle. The model is quite interesting and aims to make great, private golf more affordable. We hope you enjoy the show!
Opinion & Analysis
On Scottie Scheffler wondering ‘What’s the point of winning?’

Last week, I came across a reel from BBC Sport on Instagram featuring Scottie Scheffler speaking to the media ahead of The Open at Royal Portrush. In it, he shared that he often wonders what the point is of wanting to win tournaments so badly — especially when he knows, deep down, that it doesn’t lead to a truly fulfilling life.
View this post on Instagram
“Is it great to be able to win tournaments and to accomplish the things I have in the game of golf? Yeah, it brings tears to my eyes just to think about it because I’ve literally worked my entire life to be good at this sport,” Scheffler said. “To have that kind of sense of accomplishment, I think, is a pretty cool feeling. To get to live out your dreams is very special, but at the end of the day, I’m not out here to inspire the next generation of golfers. I’m not out here to inspire someone to be the best player in the world, because what’s the point?”
Ironically — or perhaps perfectly — he went on to win the claret jug.
That question — what’s the point of winning? — cuts straight to the heart of the human journey.
As someone who’s spent over two decades in the trenches of professional golf, and in deep study of the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the game, I see Scottie’s inner conflict as a sign of soul evolution in motion.
I came to golf late. I wasn’t a junior standout or college All-American. At 27, I left a steady corporate job to see if I could be on the PGA Tour starting as a 14-handicap, average-length hitter. Over the years, my journey has been defined less by trophies and more by the relentless effort to navigate the deeply inequitable and gated system of professional golf — an effort that ultimately turned inward and helped me evolve as both a golfer and a person.
One perspective that helped me make sense of this inner dissonance around competition and our culture’s tendency to overvalue winning is the idea of soul evolution.
The University of Virginia’s Division of Perceptual Studies has done extensive research on reincarnation, and Netflix’s Surviving Death (Episode 6) explores the topic, too. Whether you take it literally or metaphorically, the idea that we’re on a long arc of growth — from beginner to sage elder — offers a profound perspective.
If you accept the premise literally, then terms like “young soul” and “old soul” start to hold meaning. However, even if we set the word “soul” aside, it’s easy to see that different levels of life experience produce different worldviews.
Newer souls — or people in earlier stages of their development — may be curious and kind but still lack discernment or depth. There is a naivety, and they don’t yet question as deeply, tending to see things in black and white, partly because certainty feels safer than confronting the unknown.
As we gain more experience, we begin to experiment. We test limits. We chase extreme external goals — sometimes at the expense of health, relationships, or inner peace — still operating from hunger, ambition, and the fragility of the ego.
It’s a necessary stage, but often a turbulent and unfulfilling one.
David Duval fell off the map after reaching World No. 1. Bubba Watson had his own “Is this it?” moment with his caddie, Ted Scott, after winning the Masters.
In Aaron Rodgers: Enigma, reflecting on his 2011 Super Bowl win, Rodgers said:
“Now I’ve accomplished the only thing that I really, really wanted to do in my life. Now what? I was like, ‘Did I aim at the wrong thing? Did I spend too much time thinking about stuff that ultimately doesn’t give you true happiness?’”
Jim Carrey once said, “I think everybody should get rich and famous and do everything they ever dreamed of so they can see that it’s not the answer.”
Eventually, though, something shifts.
We begin to see in shades of gray. Winning, dominating, accumulating—these pursuits lose their shine. The rewards feel more fleeting. Living in a constant state of fight-or-flight makes us feel alive, yes, but not happy and joyful.
Compassion begins to replace ambition. Love, presence, and gratitude become more fulfilling than status, profits, or trophies. We crave balance over burnout. Collaboration over competition. Meaning over metrics.
Interestingly, if we zoom out, we can apply this same model to nations and cultures. Countries, like people, have a collective “soul stage” made up of the individuals within them.
Take the United States, for example. I’d place it as a mid-level soul: highly competitive and deeply driven, but still learning emotional maturity. Still uncomfortable with nuance. Still believing that more is always better. Despite its global wins, the U.S. currently ranks just 23rd in happiness (as of 2025). You might liken it to a gifted teenager—bold, eager, and ambitious, but angsty and still figuring out how to live well and in balance. As much as a parent wants to protect their child, sometimes the child has to make their own mistakes to truly grow.
So when Scottie Scheffler wonders what the point of winning is, I don’t see someone losing strength.
I see someone evolving.
He’s beginning to look beyond the leaderboard. Beyond metrics of success that carry a lower vibration. And yet, in a poetic twist, Scheffler did go on to win The Open. But that only reinforces the point: even at the pinnacle, the question remains. And if more of us in the golf and sports world — and in U.S. culture at large — started asking similar questions, we might discover that the more meaningful trophy isn’t about accumulating or beating others at all costs.
It’s about awakening and evolving to something more than winning could ever promise.
Daddygreen
Apr 24, 2022 at 5:28 pm
Grow the game=make more money. That’s all you care about…even if it’s watered down.
L
Apr 22, 2022 at 3:54 pm
Keep that game there, don’t let them export to the rest of the world. Gimme circle? Ridiculous. Can’t walk in a reasonable amount of time? Don’t build courses there. Sheesh
JL
Apr 22, 2022 at 3:52 pm
Everything at the Korean golf courses were copied from Japan, practically. Same mountain terrains, multi-person cart. Wicked OBs and tight fairways. The gimme circle was tested but scrapped because people wanted to get better at actually playing than be given something. Though it’s a great idea for pace of play, especially when the greens have wicked slopes and can lead to multiple putts, but people need to be allowed to play the game too.
Growing the game? Not like this, just to pump people out there with quick pace just so that the club and industry can make money? No way! Ridiculous.
But yeah accuracy of your shots is important and should be encouraged. lol
geohogan
Apr 21, 2022 at 12:36 pm
If these are the types of golf courses Korean pros grew up playing, then
maybe this help explains oeverwhelming dominance /success on the LPGA tour.
blackbd
Apr 20, 2022 at 2:53 pm
I found this article interesting but not sure if the author is trying to address the distance debate, speed of play or growing the game or all 3? I presume all 3 but not sure how it was all tied together? Also, that kind of super narrow and penal golf seems not fun. Not even sure I want to watch pros play that style other than once or twice a year.
CrashTestDummy
Apr 20, 2022 at 10:25 am
Interesting article. It always interests me how other countries play golf differently. I have played a few times in Asia before and the experience is totally different than the US.
From what I have seen, Korean golf courses look very tough and narrow. I watch a lot of Korean golf shows and you can tell the good player’s ball striking is very accurate, but you have to in order to score on Korean courses. Not like most of the “grip it and rip” it type courses in the US. The gimme circle makes up a little for the toughness of the courses. But definitely not enough. Lol.
neil
Apr 20, 2022 at 12:31 pm
lived in Korea 4 years
weather is great at least for a scotsman.basically 2 seasons warm and cold
Can be 40f one day 70 or higher the next until November then cold again..
we played through the winter down south near Busan.cold but comfortable miles better than a scottish winter
DaeGunn
Apr 20, 2022 at 10:10 am
Golf becomes No.1 sport in Korea. People in general can actually play (not just watch) and enjoy golf, compared with other watching-only sports. Fast growing golf related businesses in Korea may affect the acquisition of big name golf companies by Korean related funds or companies.
As a Korean-American, I heard a lot about Korean’s unique golf course settings nicely summarized in this article. At first, I thought those are very absurd. But as this article explained, I now understand that those are understandable and necessary.
It would be good to know each region’s or country’s different or unique golf cultures.
JungleJimbo
Apr 20, 2022 at 9:28 am
Hi James Chang: Thank you, for your Fabulously-written article that i enjoyed immensely! The Korean approach to golf is intriguing, and GolfWRX is all the better for your series of articles (and unique, i.e. i don’t see this Korean perspective on many other mainstream golf publications). “?????”!
James
Feb 11, 2025 at 12:34 am
Thanks for the encouraging comment!!
Jub
Apr 20, 2022 at 8:55 am
No! Stop growing the game!
MhtLion
Apr 20, 2022 at 12:51 pm
That’s what I’m saying.
Garrett
Apr 22, 2022 at 12:48 pm
Im with you on that. not enough golf courses or CC around me to even get decent times. STOP GROWING THE GAME
Rascal
Apr 22, 2022 at 1:49 pm
Me! Me! Me!!!!
Waaaaaahh!